WASHINGTON IRVING Father of American Fiction

 He made short fiction popular  He was the first to write prose meant for entertainment  He made stories uniquely American through settings and characters  His works are character- driven rather than plot-driven

His father was a merchant and Irving was trained as a lawyer. Even though Irving was the first American author to earn a living solely by writing, he worried about the validity of the career. He knew others would not see it as a real profession. We will see that same concern in Hawthorne with The Scarlet Letter in 1850.

 published 1 st major work – A History of New York  It is a history / satire – experts still argue about what is true and what is not true  The book was launched by a clever publicity campaign.  A newspaper noted the disappearance of a small, elderly gentleman by the name of Knickerbocker

From the "Evening Post" of October 26, 1809 DISTRESSING Left his lodgings some time since, and has not since been heard of, a small elderly gentleman, dressed in an old black coat and cocked hat, by the name of Knickerbocker. As there are some reasons for believing he is not entirely in his right mind, and as great anxiety is entertained about him, any information concerning him, left either at the Columbian Hotel, Mulberry Street, or at the office of this paper, will be thankfully received. P.S.—Printers of newspapers will be aiding the cause of humanity in giving an insertion to the above.

November 16, 1809 To the Editor of the "Evening Post” SIR,—You have been good enough to publish in your paper a paragraph about Mr. Diedrich Knickerbocker, who was missing so strangely some time since. Nothing satisfactory has been heard of the old gentleman since; but a very curious kind of a written book has been found in his room, in his own handwriting. Now, I wish you to notice him, if he is still alive, that if he does not return and pay off his bill for boarding and lodging, I shall have to dispose of his book to satisfy me for the same. I am, Sir, your humble servant, SETH HANDASIDE, Landlord of the Independent Columbian Hotel, Mulberry Street.

November 28, 1809 LITERARY NOTICE INSKEEP and BRADFORD have in the press, and will shortly publish, A History of New York In two volumes. Price three dollars. Containing an account of its discovery and settlement, with its internal policies, manners, customs, wars, &c. &c., under the Dutch government, furnishing many curious and interesting particulars never before published, and which are gathered from various manuscript and other authenticated sources, the whole being interspersed with philosophical speculations and moral precepts. This work was found in the chamber of Mr. Diedrich Knickerbocker, the old gentleman whose sudden and mysterious disappearance has been noticed. It is published in order to discharge certain debts he has left behind.

LITERARY CAREER CONTINUES  published The Sketch-Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent  it included “Rip Van Winkle” and “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow”  First American author to achieve international fame Old Rip

FIRST GENUINE AMERICAN STORIES  “Rip Van Winkle”  “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow”  incorporated the style of German folktales and legends  contain distinctive American settings and characters

 Published in 1824 in a book titled Tales of a Traveler as Geoffrey Crayon  Based on the German legend of Faust, a man who sells his soul to the devil for wisdom, money, and power  Irving sets his story in the 1720’s in an area of New England settled by the Puritans and Quakers THE DEVIL AND TOM WALKER

 Satire addressing the following: moral decay, religion, hypocrisy, greed, marriage, Puritans  Dark humor  Supernatural  Symbolism  Strong imagery – visual and auditory  Power of nature, including human nature