Text Structure ( Text Organization)

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Presentation transcript:

Text Structure ( Text Organization)

Chronological Order (Time Order, Sequential Order) Characteristics Used in fiction, history, biography, autobiography, and news stories Tells “what happened when” May include “flashbacks” to tell about past events, or “flash-forwards” to show the results of present events in the future Key Words During Eventually First/Last Later Meanwhile

Spatial Order (refers to space) Characteristics Used for descriptive writing Writer states details as they are seen May move from left-to-right, top-to-bottom, front-to-back, or inner-to-outer Key Words Around Center In front/back of Below To the left/right

Cause and Effect (one event or condition leads to another) Characteristics Used in persuasive speeches and essays A cause is an event that makes another event occur An effect is the result shows how one thing leads to another (example: Because of the drought, the risk of a forest fire is very high.) Key Words As a result So Thus For this reason Consequently

Comparison and Contrast (draws attention to similarities and differences) Characteristics Used for explaining, defining, and directing A comparison shows how things are alike A contrast shows how things are different Example: a writer could explain Mars by comparing and contrasting it to Earth Key Words Compare Contrast Also ● Instead Either ... Or ● Nevertheless By comparison ●On the contrary The same as ● Unlike

Practice What structure would the following texts most likely be written in? A biography about Martin Luther King Jr. An essay about the different cultures in Asia A description of the setting in a novel A written explanation of what you did this morning An editorial about what happens to the environment when you mine for diamonds in the Sierra Leone An explanation of a character’s physical appearance A letter to Santa explaining what gifts you want for Christmas and why