Internet of Things

IoT Novel paradigm – Rapidly gaining ground in the wireless scenario Basic idea – Pervasive presence around us a variety of things or objects – Objects can see, hear, perform jobs – Which are able to interact/talk to each other – To reach a common goal IoT transforms these objects from traditional to smart – Exploiting underlying technology – Embedded device, communication, sensor network, IP

Growing number of objects are being connected to internet – Connecting -Thermostats and Heating/Ventilation/AC monitoring and control – Enable smart homes

Evolution of Internet

Introduction

“Anytime, anywhere, anymedia” – vision pushing forward the advances in communication – Add “anything” – Increase the radio connection – Reduction in size, weight, energy, cost

What is IOT?

Challenges Full inter-operability of interconnected devices Providing them higher degree of smartness – Adaptation and autonomous power – Guaranteeing trust, security, privacy Things are low resource – Energy and computation power Scalability – Solutions should pay attention

IOT Elements

Communication – Low power communication over noisy channel – Various methods like NFC, RFID, WiFi, LTE Computation – Hardware platform (Raspberry PI) – Software Platform(RTOS)-Contiki, Cooja simulator, TiniOS, IoV – Cloud platform

IOT Elements Services – Identity-related services – Information Aggregation Services Smart health – Collaborative-Aware Services Smart home, ITS – Ubiquitous Services

Enabling Technologies IoT concept to realization – Integration of several enabling technology – Building blocks Identification – Name each object-Match the service with their demand – Electronic Product Code, Ubiquitous code Addressing objects – Object ID and address – “T1” name of the temperature sensor (not globally unique) – Object address=>address in the communication network (IPv4, 6) EPC

Key concept-RFID system Identification of objects Two components Composed (a) Readers (b) RFID tags Tags – Passive – Active – Battery assisted passive Read only/Read-write Contains IC & Antenna Reader – Active reader – Passive reader

Monitors objects in real time – Without line of sight – Maps real to virtual world

Sensors Sensor networks play a major role in IoT Co-operate with RFID system to better track objects – Location, temp, movement etc Consists a (large) number of sensing nodes – Homogenous/ heterogeneous – Communicating in wireless, multihop fashion Three different architecture – Flat Data transfer from static sensor to a sink – Two layer arch. Multiple static and mobile sink – Three layer arch. Multiple sensor networks are connected over Internet IoT

Layers in sensor network Data generated by sensors Data collected by sinks Sink nodes send the data to low-end computational device =>high end->cloud – Shared, stored, processed Information processing and communication at different layers – Capability and trade off Data flow

Sensor network and IoT Sensor network-Most essential component of IoT – Data collected from sensors – Processed and decision made – Actuators perform action Differences (1) SN=> thin layer of software – IoT=> thick layer (middleware, API) (2) SN application specific (monitoring) IoT is not focused on specific application Example-pressure sensor – health of a bridge IoT: track traffic Middleware should provide generic services

Relationship between Sensor Network and IOT

Features of IoT Intelligence : Application of knowledge – Collect data and infer rules (high level info) – Modelling data Scale and Architecture : Hybrid arch. Event driven-door sensor Time driven – temperature sensor Complex system : Large number of objects – Interact – Appear/disappear – Various capability Time consideration – real time event detection Space – Location of the objects – Context detection

IOT Architecture

Object Layer – Sensors of IOT that collect and process information Object Abstraction – Data communication from sensors to next layer using various wireless channels Service management – Connects service to the requester Application – Provides service requested by end user (temp and humidity measurement) Business – Manages overall IOT service and activities

Middleware – A layer between technological layer and application layer – Facilitate the developer – Uses SOA Typical SOA architecture IOT Architecture

Application – Top layer – Uses standard web service protocols Service Composition – Composition of the single services offered by networked objects – No notion of devices IOT Architecture

Service Management – Object dynamic discovery, status monitoring and service configuration Object Abstraction – Interface sub-layer – Communication sub-layer Privacy and Security – Middleware must include component for privacy and security IOT Architecture