8 th Grade Chemistry Ms. Mudd
What are some properties of organic compounds? What are some properties of hydrocarbons? What kind of structures and bonding do hydrocarbons have? What are some characteristics of substituted hydrocarbons, esters, and polymers? Organic compound Hydrocarbon Isomer Unsaturated hydrocarbon Substituted hydrocarbon Hydroxyl group Organic acid Ester Monomer Carboxyl group Polymer
More than 90% of all known compounds contain carbon. Carbon compounds are so numerous that they are given a special name. With some exceptions, compounds that contain carbon are called organic compounds. This term is used because scientists thought that organic compounds could be produced only by living things. The word organic means “of living things.” Scientists today know that organic compounds can be found in products made from living things and in materials produced artificially in laboratories and factories. Organic compounds are part of the solid matter of every organism on Earth. They are part of products that are made from organisms, such as paper made from wood of trees. Plastics, fuels, cleaning solutions, and other such products also contain carbon compounds. The raw materials for most manufactured organic compounds come from petroleum, or crude oil.
Many organic compounds have similar properties in terms or melting points, boiling points, odor, electrical conductivity, and solubility. Many organic compounds and low melting points, and low boiling points. As a result, they are liquids or gases at room temperature. Organic liquids generally have a strong odor. They also do not conduct electricity. Many organic compounds do not dissolve in water very well. Example- vegetable oil. Separates in water.
A hydrocarbon is a compound that contains only the elements carbon and hydrogen. Methane-natural gas, propane, and butane in lighters.
Mix poorly with water. Flammable The release a great deal of energy when burned Used for stoves, heaters, cars and etc…
The simplest hydrocarbon is methane CH 4 Ethane C 2 H 6 Propane C 3 H 8
The carbon chains in a hydrocarbon may be straight, branched, or ringed. If a hydrocarbon has two or more carbon atoms, the atoms form a single line or straight chain. If they have four or more carbon atoms, they can have branched arrangements as well as straight.
To show how atoms are arranged in the molecules of a compound. Structural formula shows the kind, number, and arrangement of the atoms in a molecule. The line represents a bond. There are never any dangling bonds-both ends of the dash or line are always connected to something.
Compounds that have the same chemical formula but different structures are called isomers. Each isomer is a different substance with its own characteristic properties.
In addition to forming a single bond, two carbon atoms can form a double bond or a triple bond. Hydrocarbons made up of only single bonds are classified as saturated hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons with double or triple bonds are classified as unsaturated hydrocarbons.