DIABETIC TEACHING VERMALYNPAULETTEMICHELLEEDWARD

EDUCATION/PREVENTIO N Our goal is to prevent the next generation of diabetics stemming from this population, by educating and motivating this generation of diabetics.

OBJECTIVE 1 After watching a video or reading literature the viewer will verbalize understanding of the definition of diabetes and how it affects at least 3 body systems. After watching a video or reading the viewer will verbalize understanding of healthy glucose level by stating the range from low to high normal. After reading or watching a video the viewer will compare signs/symptoms of at least one family member to the definition and risk factors, for diabetes.

WHEN INDOCRINE SYSTEM WORKS Food intake, glycogen breakdown, and gluconeogenesis increase the serum glucose level, which stimulates the beta islet cell of he pancreas to release needed insulin for the transport of glucose from the bloodstream into the cells. At the cellular level, insulin receptors control the rate of transport of glucose into the cells. As glucose leaves the blood, serum levels return to normal ( mg/dl).

DIABETES WHAT IS IT In diabetes mellitus (Mellitus means sweet or sugary), insulin insufficiency or ineffectiveness prevents sugar from leaving the blood and entering the body cells where it is used to produce energy. TYPE 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease. Usually occurs before age 30. It has abrupt, rapid onset of symptoms with little or no insulin production. Person may be thin or normal body weight at onset Ketoacidosis often occurs

DIABETES WHAT IS IT TYPE 2 diabetes. Usually after age 30 with gradual onset; asymptomatic. Insulin usually present 85% are obese Ketoacidosis seldom occurs. BOTH TYPES: symptoms. LOTS OF URINATING. LOTS OF THIRST. LOTS OF HUNGER

TESTS FOR DIABETES Fasting plasma glucose/blood sugar: the preferred diagnostic test, a value greater than 126mg/dl is indicative of DM. Fasting is defined a no calories consumed or infused for 8hr before testing. Oral glucose tolerance test: The 2-hr sample during the test is 200mg/d/ or more. The test is poorly reproducible and not performed often in practice. The patient is given a high glucose-containing solution and undergoes multiple blood samples testing over the following 2hr.

DIABETIC GLUCOSE LEVELS If plasma glucose measurement is 180mg/dl or more on at least two occasions when blood is drawn regardless of food/beverage consumption at any time during the day. Hemoglobin a1c/gloycosylated hemoglobin (glycohemoglobin): Normal range is 4%-7%. Individuals with DM will have values greater than 7%. This value is measured to assess control of blood glucose over a preceding 2-3 months period. The larger the percentage of glycohemoglobin levels to less than 6% may further reduce complications. Kits are now available to monitor this value in the home.

DIABETIC LAB GLUCOSE LEVELS IF THE DIAGNOSIS OF DIABETES MELLITUS IS MADE CHECK FOR THE FOLLOWING: Fasting lipid profile: if total and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol values are elevated, triglyceride value is elevated, or HDL cholesterol level is decreased, the patient is at high risk for developing cardiovascular disease. Urinalysis test for presence of microalbuminuria, ketones, protein, and sediment: if present may indicate early renal disease caused by hyperglycemia.

WHO IS AT RISK If person or family member is 45 years old, particularly for those who are obese (body mass index greater than 25 kg/m2). Younger obese individuals also may warrant testing, particularly if they have a blood relative with DM, are physically inactive, are in a high-risk ethnic group (e.g. Latino, Native American, African American Asian American, or pacific islander), are hypertensive (blood pressure [BP] greater than 130/80mm Hg), have a high- density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol of less than 35 mg/dl or triglyceride more than 250 mg/dl, have a history of vascular disease or other diseases associated with hyperglycemia.

REFERENCES CRITICAL THINKING IMAGE 300&h=300&c=0&pid=1.9&rs=0&p= &h=300&c=0&pid=1.9&rs=0&p=0 GOOD BAD IMAGE &w=300&h=300&c=0&pid=1.9&rs=0&p=0 &w=300&h=300&c=0&pid=1.9&rs=0&p=0 IDEA COGNITION http//ts1.mm.bing.net/th?&id=JN.O8zKZQAm9A0wwVSxqtx%2bH g&w=300&h=300&c=0&pid=1.9&rs=0&p=0http//ts1.mm.bing.net/th?&id=JN.O8zKZQAm9A0wwVSxqtx%2bH g&w=300&h=300&c=0&pid=1.9&rs=0&p=0 http//ts1.mm.bing.net/th?&id=JN.O8zKZQAm9A0wwVSxqtx%2bH g&w=300&h=300&c=0&pid=1.9&rs=0&p=0 http//ts1.mm.bing.net/th?&id=JN.O8zKZQAm9A0wwVSxqtx%2bH g&w=300&h=300&c=0&pid=1.9&rs=0&p=0

MALE NURSE IMAGE hUO3TQ&w=300&h=300&c=0&pid=1.9&rs=0&p=0http://ts1.mm.bing.net/th?&id=JN.rGwYahFSAlQRt/8e hUO3TQ&w=300&h=300&c=0&pid=1.9&rs=0&p=0 hUO3TQ&w=300&h=300&c=0&pid=1.9&rs=0&p=0 hUO3TQ&w=300&h=300&c=0&pid=1.9&rs=0&p=0 GROUP IMAGE wAP4XF7ujQ&w=300&h=300&c=0&pid=1.9&rs=0&p= 0http://ts1.mm.bing.net/th?&id=JN.l4/sWoTtcu%2b%2b wAP4XF7ujQ&w=300&h=300&c=0&pid=1.9&rs=0&p= 0 wAP4XF7ujQ&w=300&h=300&c=0&pid=1.9&rs=0&p= 0 wAP4XF7ujQ&w=300&h=300&c=0&pid=1.9&rs=0&p= 0