The Growth of Industry in America By: Ms. Becky Rampey Jenks High School

Causes of Rapid Industrialization 1.Steam Revolution of the 1830s-1850s. 2.The Railroad fueled the growing US economy: * First big business in the US. * A magnet for financial investment. * The key to opening the West. * Aided the development of other industries. 1.Steam Revolution of the 1830s-1850s. 2.The Railroad fueled the growing US economy: * First big business in the US. * A magnet for financial investment. * The key to opening the West. * Aided the development of other industries.

Causes of Rapid Industrialization 3.Technological innovations. * Bessemer process * Refrigerated cars * Mass Production Methods * Great Inventors – Thomas Edison, Alexander Graham Bell, George Westinghouse, Henry Bessemer, etc… 3.Technological innovations. * Bessemer process * Refrigerated cars * Mass Production Methods * Great Inventors – Thomas Edison, Alexander Graham Bell, George Westinghouse, Henry Bessemer, etc…

Thomas Alva Edison “Wizard of Menlo Park” Light Bulb Phonograph Dictaphone Motion Picture Camera

4.Unskilled & semi-skilled labor in abundance. 5.Abundant capital. 6.New, talented group of businessmen [entrepreneurs] and advisors. 7.Market growing as US population increased. 8.Government willing to help at all levels to stimulate economic growth. 9. Abundant natural resources. 4.Unskilled & semi-skilled labor in abundance. 5.Abundant capital. 6.New, talented group of businessmen [entrepreneurs] and advisors. 7.Market growing as US population increased. 8.Government willing to help at all levels to stimulate economic growth. 9. Abundant natural resources. Causes of Rapid Industrialization

New Business Culture 1.Laissez Faire --> the ideology of the Industrial Age. Individual as a moral and economic ideal. Individuals should compete freely in the marketplace. The market was not man-made or invented. No room for government in the market! Individual as a moral and economic ideal. Individuals should compete freely in the marketplace. The market was not man-made or invented. No room for government in the market!

New Type of Business Entities 1.Pool > Interstate Commerce Act --> Interstate Commerce Commission created. 2.Trust --> John D. Rockefeller 1.Pool > Interstate Commerce Act --> Interstate Commerce Commission created. 2.Trust --> John D. Rockefeller * Standard Oil Co.

Standard Oil Co.

New Type of Business Entities 2.Trust: * Horizontal Integration --> John D. Rockefeller * Vertical Integration: A. Gustavus Swift--> Meat- packing * Vertical Integration: A. Gustavus Swift--> Meat- packing B. Andrew Carnegie--> U. S. Steel

Iron & Steel Production

New Type of Business Entities

New Financial Businessman The Broker: * J. Pierpont Morgan

The Reorganization of Work Frederick W. Taylor The Principles of Scientific Management (1911) Frederick W. Taylor The Principles of Scientific Management (1911) The Assembly Line

“The Protectors of Our Industries”

The “Bosses” of the Senate

“On Wealth” Religion in the Era of Industrialization Russell H. Conwell  Wealth no longer looked upon as bad.  Viewed as a sign of God’s approval.  Christian duty to accumulate wealth.  Should not help the poor.  Wealth no longer looked upon as bad.  Viewed as a sign of God’s approval.  Christian duty to accumulate wealth.  Should not help the poor.

The Gospel of Wealth Andrew Carnegie  The Anglo-Saxon race is superior.  “Gospel of Wealth” (1889).  Inequality is inevitable and good.  Wealthy should act as “trustees” for their “poorer brethren.”  The Anglo-Saxon race is superior.  “Gospel of Wealth” (1889).  Inequality is inevitable and good.  Wealthy should act as “trustees” for their “poorer brethren.”

So who is doing all this work?? The Changing American Labor ForceThe Changing American Labor Force

Child Labor

Labor Unrest:

The Molly Maguires (1875) James McParland

The Corporate “Bully- Boys” – Pinkerton Agents

Management vs. Labor “Tools” of Management “Tools” of Labor  “scabs”  P. R. campaign.  Pinkertons.  lockout.  blacklisting.  yellow-dog contracts.  court injunctions.  open shop.  boycotts.  sympathy demonstrations.  informational picketing.  closed shops.  organized strikes.  “wildcat” strikes.

A Striker Confront s a SCAB!

The Great Railroad Strike of 1877

Knights of Labor Terence V. Powderly An injury to one is the concern of all!

Goals of the Knights of Labor 1.Eight-hour workday. 2.Workers’ cooperatives. 3.Worker-owned factories. 4.Abolition of child and prison labor. 5.Increased circulation of greenbacks. 6.Equal pay for men and women. 7.Safety codes in the workplace. 8.Prohibition of contract foreign labor. 9.Abolition of the National Bank.

Haymarket- Riot (1886) McCormick Harvesting Machine Co.

Haymarket Martyrs

The American Federation of Labor: 1886 Samuel Gompers

How the AF of L Would Help the Workers 1.Catered to the skilled worker. 2.Represented workers in matters of national legislation. 3.Maintained a national strike fund. 4.Evangelized the cause of unionism. 5.Prevented disputes among the many craft unions. 6.Mediated disputes between management and labor. 7.Pushed for closed shops.

Homestead Steel Strike (1892) Homestead Steel Strike (1892) The Amalgamated Association of Iron & Steel Workers Homestead Steel Works

A “ Company Town”: Pullman, IL A “ Company Town”: Pullman, IL

Pullman Cars A Pullman porter

The Pullman Strike of 1894

President Grover Cleveland If it takes the entire army and navy to deliver a postal card in Chicago, that card will be delivered!

The Pullman Strike of 1894 Government by injunction!