International Diabetes Federation (IDF) East Mediterranean and Middle East Region (EMME) Workshop on Professional Educational Methodology in Diabetes August 2008 Bibliotheca Alexandrina, Egypt

2 Professional Technology Standards in Educational Development by Prof. Morsi Arab

Objectives

Objectives Selection of objectives depends on what the learner needs and is going to do during the job, and at which level of competence

The General Objective of an Education Course is to: - Qualify for a certain job( community analysis). - This indicates acquirement of certain knowledge, skills and attitudes. N.B.: You can not teach everything, but only “selected” priorities : 1- obligatory to learn 2- useful to learn 3- if possible to learn

Objectives General Considerations: 1- It is essential to have clear-cut objectives. 2- First define the overall objectives…. Then, define the sub objectives in behavioral terms i.e. with end points describing what the learner ultimately can do ( to be possible to evaluate ):- 1- cognitive e.g. describe, enumerate, …etc. 2- skills e.g., can inject, do ankle jerk,…etc. 3- attitudes e.g. demonstrates punctuality, sympathy, respect...etc -

Objectives ( cont.): 3- All members of the education team (faculty) should together agree to the pre-set goals (team work), to avoid contradictions omissions, etc). 4- Different sets of objective are selected to suit different learners groups e.g. patients, physicians or nurses. 5- Different teaching methods will suit different objectives.

Objectives ( cont.): 6- Different objectives at different stages of the disease (e.g. objectives immediately needed, others after weeks or months, or life long….). 7- Overloading leads to confusion, depression and hopelessness. 8- Changes of behavior succeeds only if the patient perceives the target as achievable.

Objectives : - are achieved by a strategy to help learning. - then ensure their achievement by evaluation.

Objective Domains : 1- Cognitive ( knowledge) Skills - psychomotor - communication - cognition 3- Attitudes

Variables that define the objectives in educating physicians and nurses 1- Their scientific background. 2- Educ? what for : diabetes care? or diabetes education? 3- To which standard of performance (e.g. nail cut, ….ulcer debridememt ). 4- Job description and task analysis

Variables that define different patient objectives: 1- Their existing Knowledge about DM. 2- Their general educational competence (eg. if illiterate?). 3- Their belief, perception of their illness, mis-conceptions., etc. 4- Psychological stage and readiness to learn 5- State of illness: controlled ? complicated, ? handicapped.?,etc. 5- Socioeconomics: cost feasibility, etc.

Psychological stages of diabetics & effect on readiness to learn Readiness to learnExpressionAttitude Not concerned Unlikely to benefit from education. I am not sick Denial1 Misinterprets & distorts information, fails to remember Why me ? Revolt2 Ready to learnOK, but I know what to do. Bargain3 Ready to learnI am sick I shall take treatment Shall I be able to cope Depression4 Most acceptable attentive, discusses, accepts corrections. Acceptance5