Monday, March 16 Welcome back! I hope you had an awesome last weekend before spring break!  Please submit your paragraph on the Spanish-American War on the front table. Thank you! Bellringer: How is imperialism like Manifest Destiny? How are the two concepts different? Reminder: Bellringers will be due on Friday!

Teddy Roosevelt and the world What was Teddy Roosevelt’s personality like? How do you think this personality might affect the way he led the United States in world affairs? His phrase: “Speak softly and carry a big stick!”

“Speak softly and carry a big stick; you will go far.” Theodore Roosevelt “Speak softly and carry a big stick; you will go far.”

Theodore Roosevelt “Great White Fleet” 16 White battleships Sent on world tour to “show the flag” Encouraged Japan to build up own navy

Theodore Roosevelt 1901 - becomes president when President McKinley assassinated. Shot by anarchist Leon Czolgosz at the Temple of Music in Buffalo, NY; Shot twice – died of infection and gangrene eight days later/Czolgosz was found guilty and electrocuted a month and a half later.

Teddy Roosevelt and the world T.R. the peacemaker Japan won early victories against Russia in their war in the early 1900s But Japan couldn’t hold the gains, so they secretly asked T.R. to mediate (referee) a settlement The 1905 meeting took place in Portsmouth, N.H. T.R. managed to get the two nations to agree to end their war, accepting mutual concessions He won the 1906 Nobel Peace Prize!

Teddy Roosevelt and the world The Panama Canal What was travel and trade like between… New York and San Francisco? London and San Francisco? Paris and San Francisco? How long did it take? What route did you have to take? What methods of transportation were available?

Teddy Roosevelt and the world The Panama Canal U.S. and Britain agreed that a canal connecting the Atlantic and Pacific was necessary Hay-Pauncefort Treaty of 1901 gave the U.S. exclusive rights to build and control a canal through Central America Nicaragua wouldn’t work; U.S. turned to Panama U.S. had to buy France’s interest in the project Panama also belonged to Colombia, so the U.S. “encouraged” Panama to fight for independence

The Panama Canal Colombia would not allow America to build a canal in Panama A French agent was sent into Panama to encourage Panamanians to revolt against Colombia The U.S. sent military forces, including a naval battleship, to protect Panamanians and prevent Colombia from keeping Panama Panama won its independence and felt like it “owed” America … Guess what the U.S. wanted?

Teddy Roosevelt and the world The Panama Canal U.S. agreed to pay Panama $10 million plus annual rent of $250,000 for the Canal Zone Construction was a amazing engineering marvel 43,400 workers on site at the height of construction The project cost $380 million … $8,007,758,976 today with many dangerous obstacles: Diseases like malaria and yellow fever were rampant Accidents were common 5,600 workers died from accidents or disease

Teddy Roosevelt and the world The Panama Canal The canal opened on Aug. 14, 1914 But the U.S. had damaged relationships with Latin American countries They didn’t appreciate the way the U.S. bulldozed its way into the canal arrangement

Took ten years to build… Took ten years to build….. Disease (yellow fever and malaria) tormented the 43,000+ workers

The Panama Canal Watch this cool time-lapse video of a passage through the canal! Or, this one, which is shot like a short film! Want to see what’s going on at the canal RIGHT NOW? Check out the live cams! Did you realize that this year is the 100th anniversary of the canal? Here is the link to its web site.

Why is geography important?

Quick review … What did the U.S. have to do with: Alaska? Hawaii? The Midway Islands? Cuba? Puerto Rico? The Philippines? Panama?

Teddy Roosevelt and the world The Roosevelt Corollary Remember the Monroe Doctrine? European countries were told to stay out of Latin American countries’ affairs But, Roosevelt said, disorder in Latin America might “force the United States … to the exercise of an international police power” In other words, U.S. economic interests justified its military control of Latin America Is this a case of “Do as I say … not as I do”?

William Howard Taft and the world “Dollar diplomacy” Nicaragua rebellion in 1911 left that country near bankruptcy Taft arranged for U.S. bankers to loan Nicaragua government money to pay its debts In return, U.S. banks would collect Nicaragua’s customs duties (taxes) and control the railroads and bank Nicaraguans revolted, but U.S. Marines responded Dollar diplomacy: U.S. government guaranteed loans made to foreign countries by American businesspeople

Woodrow Wilson and the world “Missionary diplomacy” Wilson’s belief that the U.S. had a moral responsibility to refuse recognition to any Latin American government it viewed as oppressive, undemocratic, or hostile to U.S. interests The U.S. was passing judgment on other countries

Woodrow Wilson and the world “Missionary diplomacy” Revolution in Mexico tested the policy U.S.-friendly dictator was overthrown Wilson refused to recognize the new dictator Wilson retaliated when U.S. sailors were arrested, though they quickly released Wilson ordered U.S. Marines to occupy Veracruz The region was close to war, until the new government collapsed and was replaced by another led by Carranza

Woodrow Wilson and the world Rebellion in Mexico Every movement needs a leader … Pancho Villa and Emiliano Zapata led Mexican rebels But Wilson recognized Carranza’s government Villa retaliated, killing Americans in Mexico and across the border in the U.S. Wilson sent Brig. Gen. John J. Pershing to get Villa 15,000 U.S. soldiers invaded Mexico, looking for Villa 150,000 National Guardsmen were posted on the border They never found him, and Wilson ended up withdrawing his troops empty-handed

BIG IDEA ALERT! So! … in foreign policy … During the early 20th century, the U.S.: Expanded its access to foreign markets to ensure the continued growth of the domestic (home) economy Built a modern navy to protect its interests abroad Exercised (used) its international police power to ensure dominance in Latin America