MOTHODS OF OBJECTIVEEXAMINATION OBJECTIVEEXAMINATION Pavel Stodůlka
1. REFRACTION: u skiascopy u autorefractometer 2. REFRACTION AND CORNEAL CURVATURE: u autokeratorefractometer 3. CORNEAL CURVATURE: u corneal topography
EYE u ANTERIOR SEGMENT: conjunctiva, cornea, anterior chamber, conjunctiva, cornea, anterior chamber, pupil, lens pupil, lens u POSTERIOR SEGMENT: vitreous body, retina vitreous body, retina
FOCAL LIGHTING u overall state of the eye u cornea - smoothness, brightness, transparency u colour disparities are more apparent
BIOMICROSCOPY u slit lamp u magnification up to 40x
BIOMICROSCOPY u cross-section through the eye media u transparency u thickness u affection in the corneal layers
Additonal devices of the slit lamp Additonal devices of the slit lamp u blue cobalt filter u aplanative tonometer
BIOMICROSCOPY u without lens – anterior segment (conjuctiva, cornea, anterior camera, pupil, lens) (conjuctiva, cornea, anterior camera, pupil, lens) u with lens – posterior segment (vitrous body, retina) (vitrous body, retina) use of investigative lens (contact or contactless) use of investigative lens (contact or contactless)
OPHTALMOSCOPY examination of the examination of the retina and vitreous body
OPHTALMOSCOPY u DIRECT magnification 14x, adjustable dioptries of the patient, magnification 14x, adjustable dioptries of the patient, real (uninverted) image of the fundus real (uninverted) image of the fundus monocular monocular u INDIRECT magnification 3x, converging lens +20 to +30D magnification 3x, converging lens +20 to +30D inverted image of the fundus inverted image of the fundus binocular binocular
DIRECTOPHTALMOSCOPE
INDIRECT OPHTALMOSCOPE
GONIOSCOPY assessment of the iridocorneal angle
GONIOSCOPY slit lamp slit lamp+ Goldmann’s lens
MEASUREMENT of the INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE TONOMETRY TONOMETRY 21 torr
MEASUREMENT of the INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE MEASUREMENT of the INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE u contact u contactless
CONTACT TONOMETRY u SCHIÖTZ’S TONOMETER u APLANATIVE TONOMETER
CONTACTLESS TONOMETRY u pneumotonometer
EXOPHTALMOMETRY u Hertel’s exophtalmometer u transparent ruler
EXOPHTALMOMETRY
Hertel’s exophtalmometer exophtalmometry with the use of ruler
RED REFLEX ASSESSMENT RED REFLEX ASSESSMENT u mirror with a pin-hole u retinoscope u oftalmoscope u slit lamp
Thanks for Your attention Thanks for Your attention MUDr. Pavel Stodůlka,PhD.