MOTHODS OF OBJECTIVEEXAMINATION OBJECTIVEEXAMINATION Pavel Stodůlka.

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Presentation transcript:

MOTHODS OF OBJECTIVEEXAMINATION OBJECTIVEEXAMINATION Pavel Stodůlka

1. REFRACTION: u skiascopy u autorefractometer 2. REFRACTION AND CORNEAL CURVATURE: u autokeratorefractometer 3. CORNEAL CURVATURE: u corneal topography

EYE u ANTERIOR SEGMENT: conjunctiva, cornea, anterior chamber, conjunctiva, cornea, anterior chamber, pupil, lens pupil, lens u POSTERIOR SEGMENT: vitreous body, retina vitreous body, retina

FOCAL LIGHTING u overall state of the eye u cornea - smoothness, brightness, transparency u colour disparities are more apparent

BIOMICROSCOPY u slit lamp u magnification up to 40x

BIOMICROSCOPY u cross-section through the eye media u transparency u thickness u affection in the corneal layers

Additonal devices of the slit lamp Additonal devices of the slit lamp u blue cobalt filter u aplanative tonometer

BIOMICROSCOPY u without lens – anterior segment (conjuctiva, cornea, anterior camera, pupil, lens) (conjuctiva, cornea, anterior camera, pupil, lens) u with lens – posterior segment (vitrous body, retina) (vitrous body, retina) use of investigative lens (contact or contactless) use of investigative lens (contact or contactless)

OPHTALMOSCOPY examination of the examination of the retina and vitreous body

OPHTALMOSCOPY u DIRECT magnification 14x, adjustable dioptries of the patient, magnification 14x, adjustable dioptries of the patient, real (uninverted) image of the fundus real (uninverted) image of the fundus monocular monocular u INDIRECT magnification 3x, converging lens +20 to +30D magnification 3x, converging lens +20 to +30D inverted image of the fundus inverted image of the fundus binocular binocular

DIRECTOPHTALMOSCOPE

INDIRECT OPHTALMOSCOPE

GONIOSCOPY assessment of the iridocorneal angle

GONIOSCOPY slit lamp slit lamp+ Goldmann’s lens

MEASUREMENT of the INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE TONOMETRY TONOMETRY 21 torr

MEASUREMENT of the INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE MEASUREMENT of the INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE u contact u contactless

CONTACT TONOMETRY u SCHIÖTZ’S TONOMETER u APLANATIVE TONOMETER

CONTACTLESS TONOMETRY u pneumotonometer

EXOPHTALMOMETRY u Hertel’s exophtalmometer u transparent ruler

EXOPHTALMOMETRY

Hertel’s exophtalmometer exophtalmometry with the use of ruler

RED REFLEX ASSESSMENT RED REFLEX ASSESSMENT u mirror with a pin-hole u retinoscope u oftalmoscope u slit lamp

Thanks for Your attention Thanks for Your attention MUDr. Pavel Stodůlka,PhD.

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