Six seconds of data, recorded 5 minutes apart

Electroencephalography First recording of electrical fields of animals, Caton (1875); humans, Berger (1929). First recording of electrical fields of animals, Caton (1875); humans, Berger (1929). Berger named it electroencephalogram (EEG). Berger named it electroencephalogram (EEG). From 1929 to 1938 he published 14 scientific papers on the EEG under the same title "Über das Elektroenkephalogram des Menschen". From 1929 to 1938 he published 14 scientific papers on the EEG under the same title "Über das Elektroenkephalogram des Menschen". What can be measured: What can be measured: spontaneous activityspontaneous activity evoked potentialsevoked potentials bioelectric events produced by single neuronsbioelectric events produced by single neurons

Hans Berger ( ) He became interested in the possibility of brain transmission in response to a psychic experience during war. He became interested in the possibility of brain transmission in response to a psychic experience during war. After the war, he became a psychiatrist and worked on the technology until he obtained first recording in After the war, he became a psychiatrist and worked on the technology until he obtained first recording in From 1929 to 1938 he published 14 scientific papers investigating EEG in clinical and normal populations. From 1929 to 1938 he published 14 scientific papers investigating EEG in clinical and normal populations.

Brain waves were first studied to help explain a psychic experience WWI German soldier WWI German soldier As a soldier in the German Army in first decade of 1900, Berger fell off his horse directly in front of artillery cart and was nearly run over As a soldier in the German Army in first decade of 1900, Berger fell off his horse directly in front of artillery cart and was nearly run over When he returned to HQ, telegram from his father saying his sister had feeling that he had been injured When he returned to HQ, telegram from his father saying his sister had feeling that he had been injured Berger would explore physical means of such psychic transmissions Berger would explore physical means of such psychic transmissions

First EEG (1924) Berger made 73 EEG recordings from his 15y son, Klaus. Berger made 73 EEG recordings from his 15y son, Klaus. First frequency encountered was in 10-hertz range, (8 to 12 Hz) which he named alpha (others called the Berger rhythm).First frequency encountered was in 10-hertz range, (8 to 12 Hz) which he named alpha (others called the Berger rhythm). After 5 years of investigation, he published his findings. After 5 years of investigation, he published his findings. In 1929 he reported how brain waves changed dramatically if subject simply shifts from eyes closed to eyes open state. Furthermore, brain waves also changed when the subject sat quietly with eyes closed "focusing" on solving a math problem. In 1929 he reported how brain waves changed dramatically if subject simply shifts from eyes closed to eyes open state. Furthermore, brain waves also changed when the subject sat quietly with eyes closed "focusing" on solving a math problem.

MEG

Electroencephalography INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION The first recording of the electric field of the human brain was made by the German psychiatrist Hans Berger in 1924 in Jena. He gave this recording the name electroencephalogram (EEG). (Berger, 1929).(From 1929 to 1938 he published 20 scientific papers on the EEG under the same title "Über das Elektroenkephalogram des Menschen".) The first recording of the electric field of the human brain was made by the German psychiatrist Hans Berger in 1924 in Jena. He gave this recording the name electroencephalogram (EEG). (Berger, 1929).(From 1929 to 1938 he published 20 scientific papers on the EEG under the same title "Über das Elektroenkephalogram des Menschen".) spontaneous activity, spontaneous activity, evoked potentials, and evoked potentials, and bioelectric events produced by single neurons. bioelectric events produced by single neurons. Spontaneous activity is measured on the scalp or on the brain and is called the electroencephalogram. The amplitude of the EEG is about 100 µV when measured on the scalp, and about 1-2 mV when measured on the surface of the brain. The bandwidth of this signal is from under 1 Hz to about 50 Hz, as demonstrated in Figure As the phrase "spontaneous activity" implies, this activity goes on continuously in the living individual. Evoked potentials are those components of the EEG that arise in response to a stimulus (which may be electric, auditory, visual, etc.) Such signals are usually below the noise level and thus not readily distinguished, and one must use a train of stimuli and signal averaging to improve the signal-to-noise ratio. Single-neuron behavior can be examined through the use of microelectrodes which impale the cells of interest. Through studies of the single cell, one hopes to build models of cell networks that will reflect actual tissue properties. Spontaneous activity is measured on the scalp or on the brain and is called the electroencephalogram. The amplitude of the EEG is about 100 µV when measured on the scalp, and about 1-2 mV when measured on the surface of the brain. The bandwidth of this signal is from under 1 Hz to about 50 Hz, as demonstrated in Figure As the phrase "spontaneous activity" implies, this activity goes on continuously in the living individual. Evoked potentials are those components of the EEG that arise in response to a stimulus (which may be electric, auditory, visual, etc.) Such signals are usually below the noise level and thus not readily distinguished, and one must use a train of stimuli and signal averaging to improve the signal-to-noise ratio. Single-neuron behavior can be examined through the use of microelectrodes which impale the cells of interest. Through studies of the single cell, one hopes to build models of cell networks that will reflect actual tissue properties.

Eyes Closed Baseline

Eyes Open Baseline

Alpha burst is rewarding

Autism

Silent Snow, Secret Snow

Temple Grandin

Personal application

Current EEG Applications CLINICAL CLINICAL Epilepsy (1930s) Epilepsy (1930s) Sleep (1940s) Sleep (1940s) Patient monitoring, anaesthesia Patient monitoring, anaesthesia Head injury assessment Head injury assessment Neurological assessment (AEP) Neurological assessment (AEP) Neurotherapy Neurotherapy Psychiatric assessment Psychiatric assessment SCIENTIFIC SCIENTIFIC Attention Attention Workload Workload Circadian rhythms Circadian rhythms Cognition Cognition Learning & Memory Learning & Memory

Future EEG Applications Lie Detection Lie Detection Product preference Product preference Interpersonal synchrony Interpersonal synchrony Firefox and other brain-computer interfaces (BCI) Firefox and other brain-computer interfaces (BCI) …