Date: October 23, 2015 Aim #19: What functions do carbohydrates serve to living things? HW: 1)Guided Reading 2-3 due Thursday 11/5 2)Worksheet (Carbohydrates) due Monday 11/2 3)Biochemistry Test- next Thursday 10/29 & Friday 10/30 4)Quarterly Exam- Thursday 11/5 & Friday 11/6 Do Now: NO Warm-Up Notebook today  Take our the chart “Identify Organic & Inorganic Molecules” Happy Birthday Scott!!

Identify the Organic & Inorganic Molecules H2OH2ONaOHFeO 3 CO 2 C 6 H 12 O 6 CO HClC2H6C2H6 C 18 H 36 O 2 CaOH 2 CO 3 C3H6C3H6 CaCO 3 C 2 H 5 OHNaCl CH 3 OHHNO 3 CuSO 4 NH 3 KClMnCl 2 KMnO 4 H 2 SO 4 NO 2 SO 3 HFC 8 H 18 Na 2 SO 4 CH 3 COOHHBr Inorganic Organic Inorganic Organic Inorganic Organic Inorganic Organic Inorganic Organic Inorganic

Aim #19: What functions do carbohydrates serve to living things?

1) What inorganic compounds are essential to living things? Minerals75% H 2 O

2) What organic compounds are essential to living things? Lipids Nucleic Acids Carbohydrates Proteins

3) Why is carbon the main ingredient of organic molecules? C Carbon has only 4 electrons in its valence energy level. Because this energy level can hold 8, carbon can form up to 4 bonds.

Brain Pop: Body Chemistry hemistry/bodychemistry/

4) What is a carbohydrate? A carbohydrate is an organic compound made up of sugar molecules.

5) What is the chemical formula of a carbohydrate? The basic chemical formula is CH 2 O Simple Sugars contain C, H, & O in a 1:2:1 ratio 1) How many Carbons? 2) How many Hydrogens? 3) How many Oxygens? C 6 H 12 O

Glucose Galactose 6) What are monosaccharides? The building blocks of carbohydrates. AKA simple sugars

7) What are isomers? Molecules with the same chemical formula, but differ in how their atoms are arranged. Chemical Formula: C 6 H 12 O 6

8) Why is glucose so important in living things? Glucose is the main fuel for cellular work What life function does this describe?

9) What does our body do with glucose when we don’t need it? Our body will incorporate glucose into larger carbohydrates (glycogen) for later use. Storage

10) How does our body do this? Dehydration Synthesis +

11) What is dehydration synthesis? Glucose + Sucrose H2OH2O Monomers are added to a growing chain to form Polymers with the removal of water Energy

12) What are Monomers & Polymers? Monomers- are small, single molecular units like glucose and fructose. Polymers- are a chains of monomers strung together. Polymers are produced through dehydration synthesis

13) What are micromolecules and macromolecules? Micromolecules- small molecules (building blocks, monomers) Macromolecules- large molecules (polymers)

14) What is Sucrose? Sucrose is formed from 2 monosaccharides (glucose and fructose) It is called a disaccharide Double Sugar

Examples of disaccharides Disaccharide= monosaccharide + monosaccharide Sucrose= Glucose + Fructose Lactose= Galactose and Glucose Maltose= Glucose + Glucose two one sugar

15) What are Polysaccharides? Are long chains of monosaccharide monomers

16) What are some examples of polysaccharides?

Starch, Glycogen, Cellulose & Chitin Starch- is a polysaccharide found in plant cells that consists entirely of glucose monomers Glycogen- is a polysaccharide of glucose monomers found in humans. Glycogen is stored as granules in our cells and is broken down when our body needs energy Cellulose- is a polysaccharide found in plants that help stiffen plants to give them support. Chitin- is a polysaccharide found in the cell walls of fungi.

17) How do we get energy from glycogen? H2OH2O Energy + Polysaccharide Glucose HYDROLYSIS

What is the difference?

Why are Carbohydrates organic? Polymers of sugar Used for: energy storage structure Disaccharide: sucrose Polysaccharide: starch Monosaccharide: glucose CHAINS MANY TWO ONE