SPAIN Camila M. González #8 Naomi M. Torres #23 Victoria Hernández #10

ECONOMIC FACTORS IN SPAIN 16 CENTURY After the reign of Ferdinand and Isabella the economic affairs of Spain went into a long decline.

ECONOMIC FACTORS In the beginning of the Sixteenth Century Spain in relation to the other nations of Europe, economically higher than she had ever stood before.

ECONOMIC FACTORS IN 16 CENTURY Towns as Toledo, Cuenca, Segovia, Cordova, Granada and other towns flourished as important seats of manufacturing industries.

ECONOMIC FACTORS Sixteen thousand (16,000) work- shops and one hundred and thirty thousand (130,000) workmen employed in making textile fabrics of silk and wool.

ECONOMIC FACTORS Signs of decay in the in the economic condition of Spain was the decline in agriculture by the miserable condition of the farmers.

The magnificent temples, the construction absorbed immense wealth, made an important drain on Spain capital. The magnificent temples, the construction absorbed immense wealth, made an important drain on Spain capital. ECONOMIC FACTORS

High prices appeared and the common people were unable to use the cloth made In their own country, this was the beginning of the fall of the textile industries in Spain.

ECONOMIC FACTORS The importation of gold and silver from America, which caused a continued rise of price, and developed continued an irresistible desire to buy in a foreign market. The importation of gold and silver from America, which caused a continued rise of price, and developed continued an irresistible desire to buy in a foreign market.

The fairs of Spain were significant as places for buying and selling domestic and foreign products. They also furnished occasions for developing banking. ECONOMIC FACTORS

The discovery of the New World and the development of the art of navigation made possible the selection of more rapid and less expensive means of transportation. The discovery of the New World and the development of the art of navigation made possible the selection of more rapid and less expensive means of transportation. ECONOMIC FACTORS

FERNANDO AND ISABEL THE CATHOLIC MONARCHS In this Century they were 5 kingdoms in the Iberian Peninsula: Castile, Aragon (that include Catalonia, Valencia, the Kingdom of Naples, Sardinia and Sicily) Navarre, Portugal and the Muslim kingdom Emirate of Granada. By the early in the 16 th century had been reduced to : Castile, Aragon and Portugal. In this Century they were 5 kingdoms in the Iberian Peninsula: Castile, Aragon (that include Catalonia, Valencia, the Kingdom of Naples, Sardinia and Sicily) Navarre, Portugal and the Muslim kingdom Emirate of Granada. By the early in the 16 th century had been reduced to : Castile, Aragon and Portugal. Portugal was an independent kingdom since the 12 th century. Castile and Aragon was united by the marriage of Isabella of Castile and Fernando of Aragon. Portugal was an independent kingdom since the 12 th century. Castile and Aragon was united by the marriage of Isabella of Castile and Fernando of Aragon. Granada being the last Muslim Kingdom Emirate of the once powerful al- Andalux. This was an early target for Isabella and Fernando who saw its conquest as a necessary step for consolidating their political power and for a religious uniformity in the peninsula. By January 1492, Granada was in their hands. Granada being the last Muslim Kingdom Emirate of the once powerful al- Andalux. This was an early target for Isabella and Fernando who saw its conquest as a necessary step for consolidating their political power and for a religious uniformity in the peninsula. By January 1492, Granada was in their hands. The Al- Andalus was a territory of the Iberic Peninsula and was under the Muslim power in the Midle Ages. The Al- Andalus was a territory of the Iberic Peninsula and was under the Muslim power in the Midle Ages.

CHARLES V HOLY ROMAN EMPEROR A powerful man inherited the crown and rose to power. So powerful in fact that Charles V was either king or emperor of most of Europe. For him Castile and Aragon ( then separate kingdoms) were relatively unimportant in relation to the vastness of his kingdom. He was the ruler of the Holy Empire. The Holy Empire was a multi-ethnic complex of terirtories in the central Europe. While he lived somewhere else, and treated the lands and he enjoy the taxpapers money and financed wars that did’t even affect these kingdoms, leaving a priest in charge. People were not happy with him and they let it know through the revolt of the comuneros. A powerful man inherited the crown and rose to power. So powerful in fact that Charles V was either king or emperor of most of Europe. For him Castile and Aragon ( then separate kingdoms) were relatively unimportant in relation to the vastness of his kingdom. He was the ruler of the Holy Empire. The Holy Empire was a multi-ethnic complex of terirtories in the central Europe. While he lived somewhere else, and treated the lands and he enjoy the taxpapers money and financed wars that did’t even affect these kingdoms, leaving a priest in charge. People were not happy with him and they let it know through the revolt of the comuneros.

RELIGION The freedom of religion was accepted and the religious conformity was still overall objective of the Christians. On March 31, 1492 Fernando and Isabel signed and edict giving Jews four months to accept baptism or go into exile. By the 1501 the Muslim faced the same choice. The freedom of religion was accepted and the religious conformity was still overall objective of the Christians. On March 31, 1492 Fernando and Isabel signed and edict giving Jews four months to accept baptism or go into exile. By the 1501 the Muslim faced the same choice. Christianity was a common bond that held the Spaniards together. Christianity was a common bond that held the Spaniards together.

At the beginning of the 16th century was a general feeling of pride and self confidence in the political and religious accomplishments of the Catholic Monarchs. This pride was extended to other fields. For example they founded new universities, Queen Isabel encouraged the study of Latin and the publication of the first Spanish grammar book and the Spanish-Latin dictionary in the collections of popular poetry. At the beginning of the 16th century was a general feeling of pride and self confidence in the political and religious accomplishments of the Catholic Monarchs. This pride was extended to other fields. For example they founded new universities, Queen Isabel encouraged the study of Latin and the publication of the first Spanish grammar book and the Spanish-Latin dictionary in the collections of popular poetry.SPAIN

Isabel and Fernando unified the country we know as Spain and they reconquered Granada. Now they were ready to expand and become a powerful empire. The conquistadores were brutal with the natives with a land they claimed to themselves. They tricked the Inca sovereign when they conquered the Inca Empire, and managed the conquest of the Aztec Empire with and army of only 400 men. They could never conquer the Mapuche in Chile.

INTRODUCTION Philip II was ruling Spain when arts and literature stared to flourish. The period is known as the Golden Age of Spanish Literature. Spain reached its greatest unnatural extension through agreements and conquest, uniting different nations and futures. This enriched the Spanish culture immensely. Philip II was ruling Spain when arts and literature stared to flourish. The period is known as the Golden Age of Spanish Literature. Spain reached its greatest unnatural extension through agreements and conquest, uniting different nations and futures. This enriched the Spanish culture immensely.

In other words, Spanish culture was improved by the conglomerate of other territories. The King gave the order that everybody had to learn Spanish, but this didn’t last forever. The Phillips lost every one of the territories of Spain, one by one, but culture was preserved. In other words, Spanish culture was improved by the conglomerate of other territories. The King gave the order that everybody had to learn Spanish, but this didn’t last forever. The Phillips lost every one of the territories of Spain, one by one, but culture was preserved.

CULTURE The greatest period for the Spaniards was the Golden Age where literature and art flourished.

FAMOUS BOOKS AND AUTHORS IN 16 TH CENTURIES IN SPAIN

MIGUEL DE CERVANTES (DON QUIXOTE)

SHAKESPEARE (ROMEO AND JULIET) 1599

DANTE (DIVINE COMEDY) 1555

SOURCES Culture: Culture: