Unit 8- Plants

Soil Complex mixture of – Sand, Silt, Clay, Organic matter Types- – Sandy- – Clay- – Loamy-

Essential Plant Nutrients (p 591) Inorganic nutrients plants need besides water and carbon dioxide – Nitrogen- part of proteins, nucleic acids, chlorophyll, ATP, (color) – Phosphorous- DNA, ATP

Essential Plant Nutrients – Calcium- cell walls and membranes – Potassium– required for stoma opening & closing – Magnesium- part of chlorophyll – Sulfur- part of proteins

Specialized Plant Tissues Meristematic Tissue- (p 586) – Plant tissue where cells continuously divide, areas that grow – Apical meristem- Located at the ends of stems and roots, plants grow taller, roots grow deeper

Specialized Plant Tissues – Lateral Meristems- Allow roots and stem to grow in diameter Vascular cambium- – Produces vascular tissues, increases the thickness of stems Cork cambium- – Forms the outer covering of the stem

Specialized Plant Tissues Epidermal- (p 584) – Outer layers of leaves, stems, & roots, protects, absorb water Parenchyma- – Storage, make up most of the roots we eat

Specialized Plant Tissues Collenchyma- – Cells have thicker walls than Parenchyma – Support regions of a plant – Ex. Celery stalks Sclerenchyma- – Cells have tough thick cell walls, strengthen, support the plant Example - hemp fibers for making rope Example - hard nut and seed shells

Specialized Plant Tissues Vascular Tissue- – Transports materials xylem- transports water phloem- transports food

Roots Anchor plant and absorb water and nutrients from soil Taproot- one main primary root Ex. carrot, radish, dandelion

Roots Fibrous roots- Many smaller secondary roots Ex. grass, rye Root Hairs – Thin walled, – Increase surface area exposed to soil – Absorb water and nutrients

Roots Monocot- usually has a ring of xylem and phloem around the central cylinder (stele) (p 589) Dicot- usually has central column of xylem in central cylinder (stele) with radiating arms (p 589)

Stems Hold leaves up for photosynthesis and transport materials to and from leaves – Monocot- vascular bundles are scattered through out the stem (p 594) – Dicot- vascular bundles form a ring around the outer edge of the stem (p 594)

Woody Stems (trees) Tree Rings – Annual rings formed from vascular tissue that grows each year – Age of tree – Weather conditions