Bennett

 What was the course of the Civil War?  What were its political, social, and economic ramifications?

 To understand the development and progress of the Civil War  To investigate key turning points in the Civil War in New York State and United States history and explain why these events or developments are significant  To map information about people, places, and environments  To describe the relationships between people and environments and the connections between people and places  To identify and collect economic information related to the Civil War from standard reference works, newspapers, periodicals, computer databases, textbooks, and other primary and secondary sources

The Leaders of the Confederacy Pres. Jefferson Davis VP Alexander Stevens

The Confederate “White House”

The Confederate Seal MOTTO  “ With God As Our Vindicator ”

A Northern View of Jeff Davis

Overview of the North’s Civil War Strategy: “Anaconda” Plan Overview of the North’s Civil War Strategy: “Anaconda” Plan

The “Anaconda” Plan

 1st Union attack on the South  July 1861

 Gen. “Stonewall” Jackson led the Confederates to victory in the battle  Bull Run shows 3 things :  Both sides need more training  War would be longer than thought  War would be very bloody

 After the Union’s defeat at Bull Run, Lincoln removed McDowell and put General McClellan in command.  For 7 months McClellan trained his troops but did not attack. Showed he was extremely cautious.  Lincoln began to grow impatient with McClellan for not attacking the Confederacy

 McClellan does not attack and gives General Robert E. Lee’s Northern Virginia Army more time to gain reinforcements.  Knowing that McClellan will not attack, Lee decides to invade the North.  Thought it would win support for the South in Europe and change public opinion in the North.

 A Union officer found a paper showing Lee’s battle plan and learns that Lee divided his army into two branches.  McClellan decides to attack Lee’s army at Antietam Creek, Maryland.

 September, 1862  Battle in Maryland  Confederate General – Robert E Lee – makes first move at attacking the north on Union territory  Draw- no true winner (south retreats- north does not follow)  Lincoln is outraged with McClellan for not following  Bloodiest day in US History  23,000 troops (N & S) Killed or wounded

Confederate dead from Antietam

 General Ulysses S. Grant led the Union troops in the West.  Much more aggressive than McClellan.  Grant’s army was able to capture two major Confederate waterways.

 Costly but important to both sides.  South 11,000 casualties  North 13,000 casualties  Union forces gained control of railways and part of the Mississippi River.  Two weeks later, Union captured the Port of New Orleans.

 The Civil War began as a war to save the Union NOT to end slavery  Lincoln feared that if he ended slavery the border states would also leave the union

 Starts to change his mind.  He now believes that the issue of slavery is so important to the SOUTH that he must end it.  Cabinet members advised Lincoln to wait until the Union won a decisive battle to issue the Emancipation Proclamation

 January 1, 1863 Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation  Emancipate = to set free

 In his proclamation Lincoln states that all persons held in slavery in the Confederate States shall be free  Thinking Time!  Did Lincoln free all the slaves?  Did Lincoln have the power to make this proclamation?

 Results of Emancipation Proclamation  Union now has two reasons for fighting: Save the Union (bring the Southern States back) End slavery in ALL states  It really did not free ANY slaves  Lincoln has no power to make laws for CSA

 Thinking Time!  How would the Emancipation Proclamation affect you if… 1. You owned slaves in Texas ? 2. You were a slave in Maryland? 3. You were an abolitionist in New York? 4. You were a slave in Georgia?

 By 1863, hundreds of thousands dead and wounded.  Union won in 1862 at Antietam but could not knock the South out.  Lincoln attributed this to poor leadership. Lincoln fires McClelland and replaces him with Burnside.  Seemed to be no end in sight.

 Knows McClellan was fired for being too cautious so he decides to invade the South.  Loses battles against Lee at Fredericksburg.  Lincoln turns to General Joseph Hooker. Hooker and Union get slaughtered at Chancellorsville Lose badly but kill Confederate General Stonewall Jackson.

 Lee grew bolder after victories at Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville.  Believed that a Confederate victory in the North would force surrender.  June Lee’s troops cross Mason-Dixon line into Pennsylvania  The Union Army led by General Meade follow behind…

 The South needs to win in the North in order to win the war- hurt Union morale  Gen Lee attacks the Union July 1863 outside the town of Gettysburg, PA (again attacking on Union land)

 South had plan to charge the Union troops  Pickett’s Charge was a huge failure  Lee is forced to retreat Confederate troops back to the south  Union wins the 3 day battle  Gettysburg is known as the turning point of the war

 In November of 1863, the town of Gettysburg dedicated a cemetery for the Union soldiers who died at Gettysburg Battle  President Lincoln attended  Gave a 2 min speech  called Gettysburg Address

 Read the Gettysburg Address and answer the following questions: 1. Who gave the speech, when was it given, where was it given? 2. What is the main idea of the speech? What did the speaker want to tell his audience? 3. What is the speaker’s position on the civil war? 4. What words or phrases express his feelings?

 Union General Grant wants to destroy the South’s ability to fight in the war for much longer  Total War Plan  Destroy food, equipment, and anything else that would help south fight  Change in how war was fought Not just soldiers anymore- now civilians also suffered

 Part of Grants Total War Plan  Sherman told to capture Atlanta, GA then march to the Atlantic Ocean  As he did- Sherman set fire to much of Atlanta and then destroyed everything and anything in his path to the Atlantic

 Union troops captured the Confederate capital of Richmond – April 1865  On April 9, 1865 Gen. Lee surrendered to Gen. Grant  The Union had won  The Civil War was over  4 year long war

 Thinking Time!  Why is Civil War deadliest war in US History?

 Reconstruction=  Period of rebuilding in the US after the Civil War  Much of fighting took place in south- which now has to rebuild and clean up from war

 Confederate currency was now worthless = economic problems

 New free slaves had no land, no jobs, no education = social problem

 Need to find a plan to help the former Confederate States rejoin the Union = political problem

 Lincoln wanted to convince Congress to accept his plan to quickly allow the Southern states back into the Union  Have 10% of state pledge loyalty to USA  State must abolish slavery  Reconstruction will led to new amendments, including an end to slavery

 It was not to be  5 days after the South surrendered- Lincoln was shot and killed – April 14, 1865  Shot by John Wilkes Booth at Ford’s Theatre