Republicanism- Idea that govt. should be based on the People and the Citizens Rule through their elected Representatives

 Was the 1 st plan/constitution of how our new government would work.  Includes ideas that were given in the Declaration of Independence.  Was Weak! Gave States too much rights!

 The Pros ◦ National Govt. could raise an army and declare war. ◦ Each state had one vote in Congress. ◦ Congress could make treaties with foreign countries. ◦ Both State and National Govt. could Print Money ◦ National Govt. set up postal system. ◦ Congress could settle and deal with the western lands ◦ No Big Central Government telling everyone what to do. Yeah for States Rights!

 The Cons ◦ Each state functioned independently by pursuing its own interest rather than the nation as a whole ◦ No President- No executive to enforce the law ◦ States could refuse to send troops for war. ◦ Laws need approval by 9 out of 13 states. ◦ No power to tax citizens. No Federal Taxation ◦ No Court System- to interpret laws ◦ Amendments (changes) had to approved by ALL 13 states.

 War Debts- states Raised taxes to pay debts of the war- which led to farmers losing land to banks.  Shay’s Rebellion ◦ Named after Daniel Shay ◦ Farmers in Mass. Suffered from high debt and the state govt. did not care and farmers were required to pay their debt ◦ Farmers who could not pay their debts put in prison. ◦ Farmers were mad that the federal Govt did not take action

 What good is a constitution if you can’t get the states to do what you need?  Showed the Founding Fathers that we needed a better plan for our government.  This leads to the Constitutional Convention ◦ Here representatives will create a new and improved constitution.

 12 states attended (RI)  New Govt ◦ 1) Virginia Plan by James Madison- 3 branch Govt with 2 house Legislature with membership based on state population (large state would get more power) ◦ 2) New jersey Play James Madison- Single house plan where each state would get one vote

 Robert Sherman- Offered 2 house Congress to satisfy both small and big states ◦ Each state would have equal representation in the Senate ◦ Size of Population of each state would determine reps in the House of Representatives.

 3/5 th Compromise- 3/5ths of the slave population would be counted for the purpose of taxes and representation  Slave Trade and Commerce Comprise- slave trade would not be banned for 20 years no income tax

 1- Limited Government- powers given to govt are expressed in Constitution  2- Popular Sovereignty- People hold the power of Govt  3) Federalism- power divided between State and Fed Govt  4) Separation of Power- Branches  5) Checks and Balances  6) judicial Review- courts to determine actions of Govt unconstitional.