Managing Multi-User Databases. Mutli-User Issues n Concurrency Control n Database Reliability n Database Security n Database Administration.

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Presentation transcript:

Managing Multi-User Databases

Mutli-User Issues n Concurrency Control n Database Reliability n Database Security n Database Administration

Common Multi-User Databases n Windows 2000 – Access 2000 – SQL Server – ORACLE n UNIX – ORACLE – Cybase – Informix

Concurrency Control “Making sure that one user’s work does not inappropriately influence another’s” The need for atomic transactions “logical work performed as a unit”

Concurrency Processing Problems n Lost update problem n Inconsistent read problem

Remedy for inconsistencies caused by concurrent processing n Resource Locking “Disallow sharing by locking data that are retrieved for update”

Lock Terminology n Implicit locks placed by the DBMS n Explicit locks placed by command n Lock granularity the size of the lock n Exclusive lock from access of any type n Shared lock from change but not read

Deadlock “Deadly embrace”; each transaction waiting for a resource that the other person has locked

Database Recovery n Via Reprocessing n Via Rollback/Rollforward

Recovery Terminology Log records of the data changes in chronological order Before-images/After-images copy of every record before and after it was changed Checkpoint a point of synchronization between the database and the transaction log