Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells

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Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells LO: to be able to label a diagram of a prokaryotic cell. :to know the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. :to understand how an optical (light) microscope works. :to understand in detail some eukaryotic organelles (plasma membrane and microvilli; nucleus).

Draw a cell!

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells Prokaryotic cells Simple Bacterial No membrane bound organelles Eukaryotic Complex All other cells Membrane bound organelles

Prokaryotic cells DNA not associated with protein. DNA is circular. Contain plasmids. Cell wall made from peptidoglycan. Capsule or slime layer. Have 70S ribosomes. May possess flagella. May have pili.

Optical microscope Optical microscopes are compound microscopes Occular lens Optical lens Light passes through the specimen. Different areas absorb different amounts (and wavelengths) of light. Dark areas that absorb a lot of light are called optically dense regions.

Optical microscope The lenses refract light and so cause the image to appear larger. The resolution is limited to the wavelength of light. Objects smaller than 0.2µm can not be resolved, and so seen, by a light microscope. NB. Take care with language- do not talk about the wavelength of the microscope but the wavelength of light!

Definitions Magnification- making an object appear larger than it is. Resolution- ability of an instrument to distinguish between 2 points that are close together. Allows for more detail. Micrometre- µm 1/1000 mm or 1/1000000 m

Summary of differences! Prokaryotic Cells Eukaryotic cells small cells (< 5 µm) larger cells (> 10 µm) always unicellular often multicellular no nucleus or any membrane-bound organelles always have nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles DNA is circular, without proteins DNA is linear and associated with proteins to form chromatin ribosomes are small (70S) ribosomes are large (80S) no cytoskeleton always has a cytoskeleton cell division is by binary fission cell division is by mitosis or meiosis reproduction is always asexual reproduction is asexual or sexual

Quick quiz! Take your set of cards and find the 3 black cards. Arrange the features of each type of cell around the correct card. First team to get it right wins!

Looking at prokaryotic cells. Must use aseptic technique Disinfect bench Wear plastic apron Work near a lit bunsen burner Flame loop Flame mouth of culture bottle before and after removing culture sample Dispose of slides in a beaker of disinfectant Sterilise bench when finished Place all possible contaminants in an autoclave bag