NEURO ANATOMY الاربعاء 27/11/2013 أ.د.عبد الجبار الحبيطي.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Longitudinal fissure 6 1 Cerebrum Gyrus 2 Central sulcus 5 Sulcus 3
Advertisements

David A. Morton, Ph.D. Jan 10th, 2013
The Cerebellum.
LECTURE 28- ANATOMY OF CEREBELLUM AND ITS CONNECTIONS Dr. Mohammad Rehan Asad.
Cerebellum MIMSA’s Anatomy sessions cerebellum Motor part of the brain Coordination of movement Regulation of muscle tone Maintenance of equilibrium.
Vestibulocochlear Nerve(VIII)
CLOSED MEDULLA (MOTOR DECUSSATION)
BRAINSTEM بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم Supervised by : Dr. rehan
بسم الله الرحمن الرحیم.
V. overview of major regions of the brain
Xiaoming Zhang Zhejiang University. pons myelencephalon telencephalon diencephalon cerebellum mid-brain pons myelencephalon Brain Stem.
Pons. Pons The base of the pons (basis pontis) contains three components: fiber bundles of the corticospinal tracts, pontine nuclei.
The Trigeminal Nerve Dr. Nimir Dr. Safaa. The Trigeminal Nerve Dr. Nimir Dr. Safaa.
ANATOMY OF 8TH CRANIAL NERVES
How to draw different sections of the brain stem Sanjaya Adikari Department of Anatomy.
BRAIN STEM EXTERNAL FEATURES
BRAIN STEM EXTERNAL FEATURES Dr. Ahmed Fathalla Ibrahim.
MEDULLA OBLONGATA INTERNAL FEATURES.
* BRAIN STEM EXTERNAL FEATURES
BRAIN STEM-MEDULLA OBLONGATA
بسم الله الرحمن الرحیم.
BRAINSTEM.
Dr. Nimir Dr. Safaa Objectives Describe the nuclei of the facial nerve Follow up the course of facial nerve from its point of central connections, exit.
The Occulomotor, Trochlear & Abducent Cranial Nerves Dr. Nimir Dr. Safaa.
LAB #2: GROSS & INTERNAL CNS II Midrostral Medulla IV Ventricle Tegmentum Periventricular Zone Pyramidal tract Inferior Olive Hypoglossal NucleusVestibular.
Stalk Like. Stalk Like. Connects: Connects: Narrow Spinal Cord with the Expanded Fore Brain. Narrow Spinal Cord with the Expanded Fore Brain. Occupies:
AL-Qassim University- College of Medicine Nervous system & special sense block ( ) Anatomy of The Brain Stem Part 1: Prepared by Dr / Amani Almallah.
Brain stem & Cerebellum. The brain Telencephalon Diencephalon Cerebellum Brain stem.
1. By the end of the lecture, students will be able to :  Distinguish the internal structure of the components of the brain stem in different levels.
1. By the end of the lecture, students will be able to :  Distinguish the internal structure of the components of the brain stem in different levels.
Anatomy of the Brain Stem
Directional Terminology Mid- Sagittal Lobes Cranial.
Brainstem 3 Midbrain Dr Rania Gabr.
INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF THE BRAIN STEM By Dr. Sanaa Alshaarawy
Facial (VII) nerve &Hypoglossal (XII) nerves
 forms a transition (and fiber conduit) to the cerebrum  also contains a number of important cell groups, including several cranial nerve nuclei.
The Blood Supply of the Brain and Spinal Cord
Dr. Mujahid Khan. Divisions  Midbrain is formally divided into dorsal and ventral parts at the level of cerebral aqueduct  The dorsal portion is known.
Dr. Mujahid Khan. Pons  The pons may be divided into ventral or basal portion and a dorsal portion, also known as tegmentum  The ventral portion is.
Brain Stem. Brain stem: consists of medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain.
The Brain & The Spinal Cord I- The brain: 1- The Meninges: Dura Matter Dura Matter Arachinoid Matter Arachinoid Matter Pia Matter Pia Matter 2- The forebrain.
PONS & MID-BRAIN STRUCTURE/BLOOD SUPPLY/CRANIAL NERVES ATTACHMENTS
POSITION & SHAPE It is stalk like in shape. It connects the narrow spinal cord with the expanded fore brain. It is stalk like in shape. It connects the.
SHANDONG UNIVERSITY Liu Zhiyu
Trigeminal Nerve.
Cerebellum Dr. Safaa. Cerebellum Dr. Safaa Objectives Identify the major lobes and regions of cerebellum. Summarize the structure of the cerebellar.
Brainstem 2 PONS. External features of Pons Pons Literally means “bridge” Wedged between the midbrain & medulla. Pons shows a convex anterior surface.
The Cranial Nerves 2,3,4,6 By Prof. Saeed Abuel Makarem & Dr.Sanaa Alshaarawi.
aftab ansari. Gross Appearance It is the largest part of the hindbrain and lies posterior to the fourth ventricle, the pons and the medulla.
LECTURE NO 12 THE BRAINSTEM MEDULLA OBLONGATA ANATOMY IV (Neuroanatomy)
Lecture: 3 Dr. Eyad M. Hussein
Brain stem DR N SATYANARAYANA.
The Cerebellum 小 脑 The Cerebellum 小 脑. lies above and behind the medulla oblongata and pons; occupies posterior cranial fossa Cerebellum Position:
Trigeminal Nerve D.Nimer D.Rania Gabr D.Safaa D.Elsherbiny.
Brain stem Midbrain D.Nimer D.Rania Gabr D.Safaa D.Elsherbiny.
الاحد 17/11/2013 أ.د.عبد الجبار الحبيطي
The BRAINSTEM Medulla Oblongata, Pons and Midbrain
Brainstem 3 Midbrain.
Brain stem 1 Medulla Oblongata.
Anatomy of the Brain Stem (External Features)
الاربعاء 20/11/2013 LEC.4 أ.د.عبد الجبار الحبيطي
The Trigeminal Nerve Dr. Nimir Dr. Safaa. The Trigeminal Nerve Dr. Nimir Dr. Safaa.
Brain stem Pons – Midbrain.
SHANDONG UNIVERSITY Liu Zhiyu
The Cerebellum SHANDONG UNIVERSITY Liu Zhiyu
Lecture of midbrain Murad Ali DPT. Gross Appearance of the Midbrain The midbrain measures about 0.8 inch (2 cm) in length and connects the pons and cerebellum.
Brain stem.
Blood Supply of CNS Prof. K. Sivapalan.
Spinal Cord and Brain Stem
Presentation transcript:

NEURO ANATOMY الاربعاء 27/11/2013 أ.د.عبد الجبار الحبيطي

The Pons Is the middle part of the brain stem (also a part of the hind brain) its pos. surface forms the upper 1/2 of the floor for the 4 th ventricle, the pons lies in contact with the clivus (basilar part of the occipital bone, body of sphenoid & dorsum sellae) its ventral (basilar) surface bulges anteriorly and is continuous laterally with the middle cerebellar peduncle on each side.

The basilar part  Is grooved by a longitudinal median sulcus (basilar sulcus) which lodges the basilar artery, it is continuous on each side (just outside the attachment of trigeminal nerve) as middle cerebellar peduncle.  The pons is continuous above with the 2 crura of the mid brain & below with the 2 pyramids of the medulla oblongata.

 The bulge of the basilar part is due to (produced by): i.Large no. of pontine nuclei. ii.Descending corticopontine, corticospinal & corticonuclear fibers. iii.Pontocerebellar fibers which goes to cerebellum via the middle cerebellar peduncle.  The trigeminal nerve is the only cranial nerve attached to the surface; it is seen at the junction between the basilar part & the middle cerebellar peduncle.

The dorsal (tegmental) part  Forms the upper 1/2 of the floor of the 4 th ventricle, is continuous above with the tegmentum of the mid brain & below with the pos. surface of the upper 1/2 of the medulla oblongata.  It contains the nuclei of the middle 4 cranial nerves (5 th -8 th ) and also contains 4 sensory lemnisci (medial, lateral, spinal & trigeminal).

The posterior surface of the Pons shows the following features 1.Pos. median sulcus. 2.On each side of which there is a vertical band of swelling called medial eminence. 3.At the lower part of the medial eminence we can see the facial colliculus contains the nucleus of the abducent nerve. 4.Each medial eminence is limited laterally by sulcus known as sulcus limitance. 5.At the upper part of sulcus limitance there is a pigmented area known as substantia ferrigenea. 6.Lateral to the sulcus limitance there is vestibular area contains some vestibular nuclei.

Nuclei in the Pons 1.Nuclei of trigeminal nerve ( 4 nuclei ) : - I.Motor nucleus: - gives motor fibers that join the mandibular nerve to supply the muscles of mastication, mylohyoid & ant. Belly of digastric. in addition to the nerves to the tensor palati & tensor tympani muscles II.Main sensory nucleus : it receive touch sensation form the trigeminal area (side of the face and scalp)

III. Mesencephalic nucleus: - receives proprioceptive sensation from the muscles of mastication, face & eye ball. IV. Spinal nucleus: receive fibers of the spinal tract of trigeminal nerve (pain & temperature from the same side of the face and scalp).

2- Nucleus of the abducent nerve: - at the bottom of the facial colliculus and it is surrounded by fibers of facial nerve as they arise from the facial nerve nucleus, they loop around the abducent nerve creating a swelling called the facial colliculus 3- Nuclei of facial nerve (3 in number): - One motor, one parasympathetic (superior salivary) both of these nuclei lie in the Pons, while the 3 rd nucleus (I.e. sensory for taste, the solitarius) lies in the medulla oblongata. Superior salivary nucleus gives fibers distributed via chorda tympanic (sublingual & submandibular) & greater superficial petrosal (to lacrimal & nasal glands). 4- Nuclei of vestibulo-cochlear nerve: - Vestibular & cochlear nuclei.

The midbrain  The cerebral peduncle is divided into crus cerebri and tegmentum by the substantia nigra.  The crus contains the following descending tracks: - I.Cortico-spinal fibers: - occupy the middle 3/5 th of the crus cerebri. II.Cortico-nuclear fibers: - situated medially to the Cortico- spinal.

III. Cortico-pontine fibers: - occupy the medial 1/5 th and the lateral 1/5 th of the crus according to the site of origin of these fibers, the fibers coming from the frontal lobe occupy the medial 1/5 th, while those coming from the occipital and temporal lobes occupy the lateral 1/5 th of the crus (there will form Cortico-ponto-cerebellar pathway from cerebral cortex to cerebellar cortex).

 Substantia nigra separates the crus cerebri from the tegmentum & is an important extrapyramidal centre. Each crus cerebri has the following relations: - Laterally : on each side  Trochlear nerve, optic tract (cross the crus from behind forward )  Some blood vessels (posterior cerebral, superior cerebellar arteries and basal vein) Medially :  Posterior perforated substance (pierced by striate or central branches).  Occulomotor nerve

The tegmentum Is continuous below with the tegmental part of the Pons, the part of the tegmentum at the level +of the superior colliculus contains red nucleus (an important extrapyramidal centre), While at the level of inferior colliculus the tegmentum receives the decussation of the 2 superior cerebellar peduncles.

The nuclei in the midbrain I.The nucleus of the occulomotor nerve : at the level of superior colliculus, it is a motor nucleus supplies 5 of the extra-ocular muscles, and also contains edinger-westphal nucleus as a parasympathetic part whose fibers goes to ciliary ganglion to supply constrictor pupillae muscle and ciliary body. II.Nucleus of the trochlear nerve: - in the lower part of midbrain at the level of inf. Colliculus. III.Red nucleus: - in the tegmentum at the level of sup. Colliculus, it receives afferent from the frontal cortex, corpus striatus and cerebellum, while it sends efferent as: - Rubro-veticular Rubro-spinal Fibers or tracts Rubro-thalamic

The cerebellum It lies in the posterior cranial fossa, behind the Pons and medulla oblongata and encloses with them the 4 th ventricle. It has two surfaces (sup. and inf.), two notches (the ant. and pos. – the anterior one receives the back of the brain stem, while the posterior receives the falx cerebelli). It consist of two hemispheres connected by narrow median vermis, the part of vermis seen from above is the superior vermis, while that seen from inferior surface is the inferior vermis.

 The outer cortex grey mater is highly folded with numerous transversely running fissures, the part of cortex between the fissures are called the folia of cerebellum.  The superior surface shows fissure prima that separates anterior lobe from middle lobe. The inferior surface shows a depressed area called vallecula, at the bottom of this vallecula the inferior vermis lies (forms by nodule, uvula & pyramid). The inferior surface also shows the tonsil of cerebellum situated on each side of the inferior vermis.

Cerebellum has three fissures A.Fissure prima: - intervenes between the anterior lobe and the middle lobe. B.Postero-lateral fissures: - lies on the inferior surface between the flocculo-nodular lobe and middle lobe. C.Horizontal fissure: - extends along the lat. & pos. border of the hemisphere between the superior and inferior Borders of the hemisphere.

Lobes of the cerebellum A.Anterior lobe: - in front of the fissure prima and its part that extending above the superior medullary velum is called the lingula. B.Middle lobe: - extends from fissure prima and postero- lateral fissure, the tonsil is part of this lobe. C.Flocculo-nodular lobe : consist of the nodule of the vermis and two floculli one on each side

Functional division of cerebellum 1.Archi-cerebellum: - include flocculo-nodular lobe and the lingula, related to vestibular apparatus. 2.Paleo-cerebellum : is the anterior lobe minus the lingula and is connected to the spinal cord 3.Neo-cerebellum: - consists of the middle lobe and is connected with cerebral cortex via the ponto-cerebellar pathway

Blood supply of the cerebellum I.Superior cerebellar artery II.Anterior inferior cerebellar artery From basilar artery III.Posterior inferior cerebellar artery From vertebral artery  The medulla of cerebellum contains four intracerebellar nuclei arranged from lateral to medial as dentate, emboliform, globose and fastegial nuclei embedded within the white mater of cerebellum.