Unit 2- Computer Hardware

 Identify system components  Describe the role of the central processing unit  Define computer memory  Identify types of storage devices  Care for storage media

 Box that contains components  Tower case  All-in-one

 Displays the images  LCD or LED ◦ Very thin  CRT (old) ◦ Very bulky  Measured diagonally ◦ 10”, 15.6”, 17”, etc.

 Circuit board ◦ Different sizes  Connects components ◦ Hard drive ◦ CPU ◦ Memory ◦ Has expansion ports  Bus ◦ Data transfer to components

 Central Processing Unit ◦ Processor or “Brain”  Intel/AMD Brands  Reads/interprets instructions ◦ Performs calculations to complete tasks  Speed= Gigahertz (GHz) ◦ 2.2Ghz, 3GHz  1979= 8 MHz  1993= 200 MHz  2015= 3 GHz

 Random Access Memory  Active programs/data are held ◦ Stores what you are creating ◦ “Short-term memory”  Volatile ◦ Disappears when computer is off  Measured in bytes ◦ Gigabytes (GB)/Megabytes (MB) ◦ 4GB-8GB is standard now

 1’s & 0’s  Use for storage size ◦ Hard drive, RAM, CD/DVD  Bit= a 1 or a 0  8 bits = 1 byte (a letter or number)  KB= 1024 bytes  MB= Million bytes  GB= Billion bytes  TB= Trillion bytes

 Start, Control Panel, System

 What chip performs the computer’s tasks? ◦ CPU  You can find the CPU & RAM on what? ◦ Motherboard  How many bits are in a byte? ◦8◦8  RAM is volatile. What does that mean? ◦ It goes away when there’s no power  A processor’s speed is measured in what? ◦ MHz or GHz

 Create a PowerPoint about your Laptop/Desktop/Tablet. ◦ Slide 1- Title Slide  Picture of your device & your name ◦ Slide 2- Monitor or Screen  Have your name or pic on screen  Size of screen & type (LCD/LED/CRT) ◦ Slide 3- System Info  Screenshot of info  List brand & speed of CPU  List amount of RAM

 BIOS on ROM  Chip on motherboard  Has instructions to boot your computer ◦ Read only- no store data ◦ Tells where OS is stored (HD)  Info stays when power is off (non-volatile)

 Power on the PC  ROM BIOS checked for location of OS ◦ Usually on the hard drive  Loads OS from hard drive into RAM  OS Starts  You log in

 What type of memory is non-volatile? ◦ ROM  Which memory is volatile? ◦ RAM  Which is the largest? ◦ 3GB ◦ 3MB ◦ 3KB

 What speed is a CPU measured in? ◦ GHz  Which memory holds your active, running programs or what you copied? ◦ RAM  Which type of monitor is shown? ◦ CRT

 Which memory goes away when power is off? ◦ RAM  What holds the computer’s boot instructions? ◦ BIOS ROM  What is the brains of a computer? ◦ CPU- what does it stand for?  The CPU, RAM, and ROM are all on what component? ◦ Motherboard

 Magnetic Storage  Store data permanently ◦ Long-term storage  MB or GB or TB ◦ 20MB HD ◦ 500GB HD ◦ 1TB HD  Speed measured in rpm

 Inside Case ◦ 3.5”- desktop ◦ 2.5”- laptop  External HD ◦ USB ◦ Powered by AC or USB

 Uses flash memory ◦ Electrical pulses to write data  No moving parts  Mores $, less power & heat, faster

 Go to Tigerdirect & look up ◦ 1TB 3.5” internal HD ◦ 1TB 2.5” internal HD ◦ 1TB external HD ◦ 240GB SSD  Compare price & speed

 Optical uses a laser to read/write data  CD or DVD-ROM= Read Only  CD or DVD-/+R= Record Once  CD or DVD-/+RW= Rewritable  BD-R= Blu-ray Record Once  CD= 80 min./ 700MB  DVD= 2 hrs./ 4.7GB  BD= 4.5 hrs. of HD/ 25GB

 CD (700MB) ◦ Photos & MP3 songs are about 3MB each ◦ How many can fit on a CD-R?  DVD (4.7GB or about 4700MB) ◦ An average 90min movie is about 900MB ◦ How many movies will fit on a DVD-R?  BD (25GB or about 25,000MB) ◦ How many photos can fit on a BD-R?

 Size Hard Drive: ◦ Start, Computer, right- click on C: ◦ Screenshot in Word  Type of Optical Drive: ◦ Take a picture of front

8-inch 5 ¼” 3 ½” Magnetic Storage- 3.5”=1.44MB 3.5” Disk only held 1.44MB (Megabytes) Most photos are about 3MB!

 No moving parts inside  Memory Cards ◦ SD/SDHC, microSD, CF, Memory Stick ◦ Laptops, Tablets, Phones usually have slots  USB Flash drive ◦ DO NOT remove while in use ◦ Safely eject it

 The PowerPoint with your device  Slide 4- Hard Drive ◦ Screenshot of HD space ◦ List how big the HD is  Slide 5- Optical Drive ◦ Picture of the drive/cover ◦ List if it takes CD, DVD, BD and if it records anything  Slide 6- Flash Storage ◦ Picture of laptop/tablet/phone card storage ◦ Picture of the card ◦ List the size & type of card

 Don’t drop your device or HD  Keep magnetic devices away from TV’s & monitors ◦ Have magnetic fields; may erase  Avoid extreme temps ◦ Like in a car  Hold optical media by edges  Keep discs in sturdy case

 In groups of 2, make a poster… ◦ Title of device ◦ Big picture of device ◦ Speed, RAM, HD ◦ 2-3 Special Features  Desktop  Laptop/Notebook  Ultrabook  Tablet  Smartphone  Game System  E-Book Reader

 T/F. Hard drives are used to temporarily store what you are creating. ◦ False  Which removable storage would you use to copy pictures from one PC to another? ◦ Flash Drive, Memory Card, Floppy, Ext. HD  Which optical storage would be used to store music and then later erased to store photos? ◦ CD-RW

 How much data can a Blu-Ray DVD hold? ◦ 25GB  If pictures are about 3MB each, how many pictures could you put on that disc? ◦ About 8300!  Which storage device has no moveable parts? ◦ SSD/Flash

Unit 2- Computer Hardware