Waterfall Definition:

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Presentation transcript:

Waterfall Definition: Marcy Fell Geography Period 3 Ms. Hornchen Waterfall Definition: The steep fall of water from a height cascading over hard rock onto eroded land below Angel Falls -Plunge- Southeastern Venezuela, South America Mineral Creek Waterfall -Horsetail cascade- Valdez, Alaska, USA

How is a waterfall formed? A waterfall is formed when the water flows over a hard layer of rock that has a soft layer of rock underneath it. When the water reaches the soft rock, it begins to erode away the soft rock at a faster rate than the hard rock, and begins to cut vertically down into the rock. This makes a cliff over which the water will fall, creating a waterfall. The waterfall will then erode away the land where it falls to create a plunge pool.

Types of waterfalls Block – Water falls from a wide stream or river Cascade - Water falls down a series of rock “steps” Cataract - A very large waterfall Fan - Water spreads out horizontally as it falls while remaining in contact with bedrock Horsetail - The falling water maintains some contact with bedrock Plunge - Water falls vertically and loses contact with bedrock Punchbowl - Water descends in a constricted form, then spreads out into a wider pool Segmented - Distinctly separate flows of water form as it descends. Tiered - Water falls in a series of distinct steps or separate falls

Victoria Falls Victoria Falls Satellite Image -segmented Cataract- Border of Zambia and Zimbabwe, Africa Victoria Falls Satellite Image Topographic Map of Victoria Falls

Bibliography Shephard, Jim, comp. "Mineral Creek." Valdez, Alaska. 2005. Valdez Convention and Visitors Bureau. 24 Jan. 2006 http://www.valdezalaska.org/maps/mineralCreek.html>. "Victoria Falls and the Zambezi River." World Guide. NASA Earth Observatory. 24 Jan. 2006 <http://www.gesource.ac.uk/worldguide/html/image_1948.html>. "Angel Falls." Natural Wonders of the World. Lost World Adventures. 25 Jan. 2006 <http://ce.eng.usf.edu/pharos/wonders/Natural/angelfalls.html>. Wagh, David. Geography: An Integrated Approach. 2ndnd ed. Thomas Nelson and Sons Ltd., 1995. 70.