Ethos, Pathos, Logos College Writing.

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Ethos, Pathos, and Logos.

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Ethos, Pathos, Logos College Writing

Rhetorical Triangle Logos Pathos Ethos

Speaker/ Communicator (Ethos) The “rhetor” (speaker) Each and every speaker brings: Own opinions and biases and experiences Limitations of knowledge and language Distinct voice or persona Quintilian (Roman rhetorician) speaker should be “good man speaking well” Emphasis on good character

Ethical Appeals (ethos) sense you (author) gives as being competent/fair/authority trustworthiness credibility reliability expert testimony reliable sources fairness

Audience/ Reader (Pathos) Speculating about the reader’s expectations, knowledge, and disposition with regard to the subject writers explore Writers ‘invent’ or make-up audience when one is not presented Self can be an audience

Emotional Appeals (pathos) appeal to beliefs and feelings higher emotions belief in fairness love pity lower emotions greed lust revenge Aavarice

Text/ Message (Logos) Evaluate what the speaker knows, examines perspectives, and determines evidence or proofs to support claims The “text” does not speak independently of the speaker and audience Make clear, reasonable premises + proofs

Rational Appeals (logos) appeal to logical reasoning ability of readers facts case studies statistics experiments logical reasoning analogies anecdotes authority voices

Rhetorical Triangle Omissions: Context Purpose ..\..\..\My Music\iTunes\iTunes Music\Bruce Springsteen\Born In the U.S.A_\01 Born In the U.S.A..m4p

Inductive vs. Deductive Reasoning (The Informed Argument p. 440) Inductive Reasoning Progresses from specific to general Draw a conclusion based on evidence Allows you to argue how specific evidence leads to your conclusion you are arguing Because of all of the bank and credit failures, it is necessary for the federal government to intervene. Deductive Reasoning Leads from a generalization (major premise) to a specific case (minor premise) and then on to a conclusion. Blue sky, sunny conditions, people swimming = conclusion that it is a nice day. Based on a fundamental truth, value or right rather than evidence.

Key Terms premise—the underlying value or belief that one assumes as a given truth at the beginning of an argument. Concession—giving in to the other side Syllogism—A 3-stage form of deductive reasoning through which a general truth yields a specific conclusion. Premise A: John is a person. Premise B: People have hearts. Conclusion: Therefore, John has a heart.