Imperialism and America Section 18-1 pp

Preview Questions  What were the major factors that contributed to the growth of American imperialism?  How did the United States acquire Alaska and Hawaii?

American Expansionism  Imperialism: Policy in which stronger nations extend their economic, political, or military control over weaker territories  Why Imperialism?  Desire for military strength  Thirst for new markets  Cultural superiority

American Expansionism  Military Strength  Establish a global military presence  Alfred T. Mahan: Urged creation of modern navy

American Expansionism  New Markets  Industrialization created need for new markets and raw materials  Cultural Superiority  Social Darwinism  Racial Superiority  Duty to spread Christianity

US Acquires Alaska  “Seward’s Folly”  Bought Alaska for $7.2m from Russia in 1867

US Takes Hawaii  Annexation  US businesses want annexation to avoid sugar tariffs  Businessmen overthrow Hawaiian Queen  Sanford Dole heads temporary gov’t  Republic of Hawaii annexed in 1898

The White Man’s Burden By: Rudyard Kipling Take up the White Man's burden-- Send forth the best ye breed-- Go bind your sons to exile To serve your captives' need; To wait in heavy harness, On fluttered folk and wild-- Your new-caught, sullen peoples, Half-devil and half-child. Take up the White Man's burden-- Send forth the best ye breed-- Go bind your sons to exile To serve your captives' need; To wait in heavy harness, On fluttered folk and wild-- Your new-caught, sullen peoples, Half-devil and half-child. Take up the White Man's burden-- The savage wars of peace-- Fill full the mouth of Famine And bid the sickness cease; And when your goal is nearest The end for others sought, Watch sloth and heathen Folly Bring all your hopes to nought. Take up the White Man's burden-- No tawdry rule of kings, But toil of serf and sweeper-- The tale of common things. The ports ye shall not enter, The roads ye shall not tread, Go mark them with your living, And mark them with your dead.

The Spanish-American War Section 18-2 pp

Preview Questions  How did Americans feel about the Cuban revolt against Spain?  What events escalated the conflict between the US and Spain?  What were the consequences of the war for Spain and the US?

Cubans Rebel Against Spain  Americans invest heavily in Cuban sugarcane  Cuban War for Independence  Led by Jose Marti  US sugar mills attacked to provoke involvement  American opinion split

War Fever  Spain sent General Valeriano Weyler to Cuba  Sent 300,000 Cubans to concentration camps  Headline Wars  Yellow Journalism: Reporting that exaggerates news to make it exciting  Deepens American sympathy for the war cause

War Fever  DeLome Letter  McKinley tries diplomacy to avoid war  Letter from Spanish diplomat insults McKinley  Americans outraged

War Fever U.S.S. Maine Explodes Cause unknown, newspapers blame Spain Americans call for war

War Erupts  War in Philippines  George Dewey led U.S. attack on Spanish fleet at Manila  Filipinos support Dewey in hopes of independence  Spanish troops surrender in August 1898  War in the Caribbean  U.S. navy blockaded Cuba  U.S. relied heavily on ill-equipped volunteer soldiers

War Erupts Rough Riders Volunteer regiment led by T. Roosevelt Clear path for victory at San Juan Hill US Navy destroyed Spanish fleet US invaded Puerto Rico July 25, 1898

War Erupts  Treaty of Paris  Granted Cuba independence  Puerto Rico and Guam given to U.S.  U.S. paid Spain $20m for Philippines

War Erupts  Debate Over the Treaty  Controversy over U.S. right to annex Philippines  “Christianize” Filipinos?  Violated Declaration of Independence?  U.S. approved annexation in 1899

Acquiring New Lands Section 18-3 pp

Post-War Events  US took control of Puerto Rico in 1898  Foraker Act: Ended military rule, set up civil government  US occupied Cuba after war  Platt Amendment:  Limited Cuba’s rights in dealing with other nations  Gave U.S. right to intervene

Post-War Events  Philippines  Emilio Aguinaldo leads protest against US  Rebellion that led to self-rule

Foreign Influence in China  Open Door Policy  Calls for China’s ports to remain open and independent  No nation gets special privileges  Boxer Rebellion  Rebellion against Western presence in China  Troops sent to supress rebellion

Impact of Imperialism  McKinley’s election in 1900 showed US supported imperialism  Anti-Imperialist League  Cleveland, Carnegie, Twain, and Addams  Wrong for U.S. to rule others without consent

America as a World Power Section 18-4 pp

Preview Questions  How did Theodore Roosevelt exercise American power?  Why did President Wilson send troops into Mexico?

TR and the World  TR negotiated Treaty of Portsmouth  Ended Russo-Japanese War  TR won Nobel Peace Prize  US prestige increased

TR and the World  U.S. sent warships to secure Panama’s independence  U.S. gained rights to build canal  Damaged relationship with Latin America  Panama Canal is completed in 1914  Decreased travel time between Atlantic and Pacific  U.S. increased power and prestige

TR and the World  Roosevelt Corollary to Monroe Doctrine  Said U.S. would be willing to use military power to protect its economic interests in Latin America  Leads to “Dollar Diplomacy”  U.S. will use military force to guarantee loans made to foreign nations  Leads to U.S. military intervention in Nicaragua

Wilson’s Missionary Diplomacy  Wilson refused to recognize any oppressive, undemocratic, or hostile government  Conflict with Mexico  Wilson refuses to recognize Huerta’s government  Uses minor incident to occupy Veracruz  Recognized Carranza government

Wilson’s Missionary Diplomacy  Rebellion in Mexico  Pancho Villa  Wanted war between Carranza and US  Killed 16 Americans in raid  U.S. General Pershing invaded Mexico and crushed Villa’s forces in 1916