Pancho Villa handout: ** Read the handout and answer the questions below (1) Why does President Wilson initially support Pancho Villa? (2) What changed the perception of Villa in the eyes of the U.S. government, and what was the response towards him?

All of the following were reasons or causes as to why the U.S. became an Imperialist power – To increase American military & naval strength – To extend American culture around this world – To establish new markets for American goods – To establish America’s status as the world’s most powerful nation Not

United States Imperialism in Latin America

Mexican Revolution (1910 – 1920) - Porfirio Diaz ruled as the Mexican dictator - Foreign companies dominate Mexico’s economy, most Mexicans remain landless and poor. - President Francisco Madero is elected in 1911, deposed in 1913, and then murdered. - Former general, Victoriano Huerta, becomes dictator. Emiliano Zapata - Socio-Economic Class Revolution

Mexican Revolution (1910 – 1920) (continued) … - Emiliano Zapata and Pancho Villa lead revolutions in the countryside , Mexico has a new constitution (very revolutionary) … ** U.S. Actions during the Revolution , military coup d'état – U.S. ambassador to Mexico involved in conspiracy , bombing Veracruz – President Wilson authorizes U.S. Navy to use artillery shells against Mexican port of Veracruz , sending forces into Mexico – President Wilson sends American forces into Mexico after Pancho Villa Pancho Villa

Complexity of Race Painting “Redemption of Ham” (1895) by Modesto Brocos y Gomez - African - Mulatto (a) - Mestizo (a) - Peninsular

Movie clip featuring Antonio Banderas as Pancho Villa at the Battle of Torreon – Battle of Torreon (1913) What do you notice about the depiction of Pancho Villa during the battle and at the end of the clip?

Jim Crow Laws and Segregation 1883 – (Domestic) Supreme Court Decision states that state governments cannot treat unequally but private businesses can – (International) “Bayonet Constitution” restricts voting rights of native Hawaiians 1898 – (International) U.S. decision to annex the Philippines, because they are “unfit for self-rule” - Why this decision? Supreme Court Decision - Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) “Equal but separate accommodations”

WHO were the “Progressives?” WHY? Address the problems arising from: – Industrialization Government needs to regulate Big Business, preventing “Laissez-faire” economics – Urbanization Growth of industry leads to larger percentage of Americans living in cities, which leads to urban problems – Inequality & social injustice 1920s 1890s “Progressive Reform Era”

Progressivism WHAT are their goals? Democracy Regulation of corporations & monopolies Social justice Environmental protection Apply lessons learned in the business industry to better organize society Taylorism – scientific management

Origins of Progressivism “Muckrakers” Jacob Riis – How the Other Half Lives (1890) Ida Tarbell – “The History of the Standard Oil Co.” (1902) Lincoln Steffens – The Shame of the Cities (1904) Ida Tarbell Lincoln Steffens

STATE POLITICAL REFORM direct primary Seventeenth Amendment (1913) – direct election of Senators Initiative Referendum Recall Robert M. LaFollette, Wisconsin Governor

Theodore Roosevelt : the “accidental President” Republican ( ) The “Bully Pulpit” “Square Deal” – 1902 Coal Strike & arbitration Railroad regulation – Strengthen the Interstate Commerce Commission

Regulating Food and Drugs Why the reform? - Selections from The Jungle – "They use everything about the hog except the squeal." – “These rats were nuisances, and the packers would put poisoned bread out for them; they would die, and then rats, bread, and meat would go into the hoppers together.” – “[The] old sausage that had been rejected, and that was moldy and white – it would be dosed with borax and glycerine, and dumped, and made over again for home consumption.”

Theodore Roosevelt : Regulating Food and Drugs – 1906 Meat Inspection Act – 1906 Pure Food and Drug Act