1QQ Choose only one to answer: #1 Which two tracts are involved with fine motor control of the extremities and for facial expression? # 2 Which brain region is most likely affected in a patient who exhibits an oscillating movement of the hand and fingers that increase in amplitude as the person attempts to touch his nose?

6 November 2009 Begin Ch 12 Cardiovascular Physiology 6 sections p CV labs: 1 Frog heart, 1 Human EKG and Blood Pressure

Circulatory System Circulates Nutrients: glucose, amino acids, fatty acids, ketones, etc Wastes: Hormones: bound & free Gases: CO 2 and O 2 Formed Elements: Cells and Cell Fragments –Erythrocytes, Leukocytes, Thrombocytes = Platelets Other roles of the Cardiovascular System Thermoregulation Blood Clotting Reproduction (ex: penile erection)

Figure Blood volume ~ 5 liters Serum = plasma – clotting factors Formed elements Components…… Blood doping & erythropoietin (hormone that stimulates erythrocyte production in bone marrow) to increase hematocrit Entering and Exiting the blood Discontinuous capillaries in bone marrow, spleen, & liver permit erythrocytes to enter and exit blood. Hct = percentage of blood volume occupied by RBCs Anemia The Scoop on Tissie

Fig Arteries..away from heart Veins..return to heart Regional blood flow determined by arteries and arterioles. Resting Cardiac Output = 5L/min for each side! When left heart can’t pump all the blood it receives from pulmonary circuit (due to high aortic pressure and/or damage to left ventricle) blood accumulates in pulmonary circuit. This is congestive heart failure. Symptom: shortness of breath.

Figure CO = 5L/min for each circuit Up to 35 L/min in strenuous exercise

What’s missing? Microcirculation Pulmonary circuit Systemic Circuit CO = 5 liters/min Exchange Vessels Resistance Vessels Capacitance vessels

F=Q=ΔP/R Flow = Pressure gradient/Resistance A version of Ohm’s Law (V=IR) R = 8Lη/πr 4 Q= ΔP πr 4 8Lη Poiseulle’s equation Smooth muscles determine radius Double radius … 16x flow Half radius….1/16 th flow Radius of arterioles regulates Q to organs