IIIIII Periodic Trends Ch. 5 - The Periodic Table.

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IIIIII Periodic Trends Ch. 5 - The Periodic Table

A. Periodic Law zWhen elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic #, elements with similar properties appear at regular intervals.

B. Chemical Reactivity zFamilies ySimilar valence e - within a group result in similar chemical properties

B. Chemical Reactivity zAlkali Metals zAlkaline Earth Metals zTransition Metals zHalogens zNoble Gases

zAtomic Radius ysize of atom © 1998 LOGAL zIonization Energy yEnergy required to remove one e - from a neutral atom. © 1998 LOGAL zMelting/Boiling Point C. Other Properties

zAtomic Radius D. Atomic Radius Li Ar Ne K Na

zAtomic Radius yIncreases to the LEFT and DOWN D. Atomic Radius

zWhy larger going down? yHigher energy levels have larger orbitals yShielding - core e - block the attraction between the nucleus and the valence e - zWhy smaller to the right? yIncreased nuclear charge without additional shielding pulls e - in tighter D. Atomic Radius

zIonic Radius yCations (+) xlose e - xsmaller © 2002 Prentice-Hall, Inc. yAnions (–) xgain e - xlarger G. Ionic Radius

Atomic vs. Ionic Radii zAtomic radii trend yTend to compare neutral atoms of different elements zIonic radii trend yCompare neutral atom against the ionic form of the element.

zIonization Energy E. Ionization Energy K Na Li Ar Ne He

zIonization Energy yIncreases UP and to the RIGHT E. Ionization Energy

zWhy opposite of atomic radius? yIn small atoms, e - are close to the nucleus where the attraction is stronger zWhy small jumps within each group? yStable e - configurations don’t want to lose e - E. Ionization Energy

zMelting/Boiling Point yHighest in the middle of a period. F. Melting/Boiling Point

Electronegativity zThe tendency of an atom to attract electrons to form ionic bonds.

zElectronegativity Trend zIncreases up and to the right.

zWhich atom has the larger radius? yBe orBa yCa orBr Ba Examples Ca

zWhich atom has the higher 1st I.E.? yNorBi yBa orNe N Examples Ne

zWhich atom has the higher melting/boiling point? yLiorC yCrorKr C Examples Cr

zWhich particle has the larger radius? ySorS 2- yAlorAl 3+ S 2- Examples Al