ATOMS! SEPTEMBER, 2013

ATOMS The Building Blocks of Matter! Atoms make up everything around you! 92 Naturally occurring atoms Scientists have created about 25 more Atoms Brainpop

ATOMS: SUB-ATOMIC PARTICLES Nucleus  Center of the Atom  Protons and Neutrons Found Here  Contains Almost ALL of the Atom’s Mass Electron Cloud  Area Around the Nucleus where the Electrons are Found

ATOMS…CONTINUED Nucleus Protons + Neutrons Electron Cloud Blurry Area Containing Electrons

SUBATOMIC PARTICLES Proton  Positive “1” Charge  Mass of “1”  Found in Nucleus  Determines the ELEMENT (3P = Li; 30P = Zn) Neutron  Neutral or Zero Charge  Mass of “1”  Found in Nucleus Electron  Negative “1” Charge  Very Little “0” Mass  Found in Electron Cloud Surrounding Nucleus Atomic Structure Brainpop

ATOM VARIATIONS Isotopes  Atoms of the SAME ELEMENT with a Different (+ or -) number of NEUTRONS  ONLY the Atomic Mass changes  Read and Written as “Carbon-14” or “Uranium-236”  Isotopes Brainpop Isotopes Brainpop Ions  An Atom or Molecule that has a Different Number of Electrons than Protons  Adding Electrons Creates a NEGATIVE ion  Subtracting Electrons Creates a POSITIVE ion  Ions Brainpop Ions Brainpop

ATOMS…RELATIVE SIZE One dust particle has millions of atoms One dust particle has millions of atoms 100 million million billion hydrogen atoms are in a regular size balloon 100 million million billion hydrogen atoms are in a regular size balloon 100,000,000,000,000,000,000, ,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 Twenty thousand billion billion atoms are in a nickel Twenty thousand billion billion atoms are in a nickel 20,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 20,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 Imagine 1 grain of rice is one electron. 2,000 grains of rice represent a proton. Imagine 1 grain of rice is one electron. 2,000 grains of rice represent a proton. Imagine that an electron is as big as a grain of sand. Then the nucleus of an atom would be as big as a marble. The electron cloud would have a radius of 25 meters! Imagine that an electron is as big as a grain of sand. Then the nucleus of an atom would be as big as a marble. The electron cloud would have a radius of 25 meters! If we could magnify the simplest hydrogen atom to the size of the earth, then the nucleus (a proton) would only be about the size of a basketball. It would be at the very center of the earth and that lonely electron would be found somewhere out in earth's atmosphere. All of the space in between the electron and the basketball-size nucleus is empty! If we could magnify the simplest hydrogen atom to the size of the earth, then the nucleus (a proton) would only be about the size of a basketball. It would be at the very center of the earth and that lonely electron would be found somewhere out in earth's atmosphere. All of the space in between the electron and the basketball-size nucleus is empty!

ATOMS…RELATIVE SIZE…CONTINUED

SUBATOMIC PARTICLES…CONTINUED