Principles of Manufacturing Copyright © Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved 1. Technological Systems: Part 2

Bell Work Activity Directions: Please take out a sheet of paper and answer the following questions. a.Make a list of what you feel are the top 5 inventions in the past 50 years. b. List 10 important uses of plastic. c. Try and list 10 things people could have used in place of plastic before it was invented. 2 Copyright © Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved

a. There are several important terms and definitions students need to know. b. Students will now complete the Matching Definitions handout on Technological Systems. Students may work in groups. Warm-Up Activity Engineering and Technology Terms 3 Copyright © Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved

Technological Systems: The evolution of the manufacturing process: A. Pre-Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution occurred between the 18 th and 19 th centuries. During this period significant technological improvements were made in key industries like manufacturing, agriculture, and mining. Some of the key contributions of the era included: Growth in technology Standardized mass production of products Growth of employment and income opportunities. 4 Copyright © Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved

Technological Systems: The evolution of the manufacturing process: A. Pre-Industrial Revolution (continued) Prior to this period, associations of Guild Workers (master craftsmen) were responsible for much of labor of the time. Family units also performed work on a small scale. Key industries were farming, cloth making, stone masons, metalworking and woodworking. 5 Copyright © Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved

Technological Systems: The evolution of the manufacturing process: B. Post-Industrial Revolution The invention of a variety of products and processes had a tremendous impact on manufacturing in general. Productivity in processes that had remained unchanged since ancient times suddenly improved by 100% or more. Scientists and inventors gained a better understanding of electricity, explosives, steelmaking, chemistry, plastics, illnesses, medicines and interchangeability parts in manufacturing. 6 Copyright © Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved

The effects of technological solutions on the manufacturing process: A. Intended Manufacturing processes are created to meet the need of demand. Since the industrial revolution, advances in technology have helped to increase the number products produced and improved the quality worldwide. Computer technology has become a necessary component in this process. 7 Copyright © Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved

The effects of technological solutions on the manufacturing process: B. Unintended The widespread destructiveness of World War I was brought about because of advances in new technology. Early on, the introduction of technological improvements created huge demands for labor; however, this decimated our agrarian-based economy. The Economic impact of new technology is immeasurable. In the United States, automation and outsourcing has decimated what was once a labor-dependent manufacturing base. 8 Copyright © Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved

Risks and benefits of engineering activities on the manufacturing process: Risks: Engineering activities in manufacturing evidently will have positive and negative outcomes for society. Waste disposal and a depletion of natural resources will be a continuing issue. Benefits: Engineering activities give us the capacity to create products to meet the needs of a growing global population and relieve human suffering. This ability will continue to be highly valued. 9 Copyright © Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved

Examples of how engineering changes environments: A.Technology Life Cycle (TLC) The creation of technology requires financial investment. Investors expect a return on the funds expended to create new technologies. The TLC focuses on the time and cost involved in developing technology. Some products like steel and cement have long lifespans; other products like medical products and electronics have a short lifespan. This process affects the decision-making process involving technology development. 10 Permission to use: GNU Free Documentation License Copyright © Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved

Examples of how engineering changes environments: B.The impact of industrialization on the natural environment The ever-growing global human population will inevitably place high demands on our engineering and manufacturing processes. Managing the long term impact of industrialization on our global environment will be critical. Our current processes will evolve to meet the need; however it’s important for designers not to lose site of the impact on the human element 11 Copyright © Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved