Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)

INDAN SPACE RESEARCH ORGANISATION Presented By :- CHINTAN Established 15 August 1969 (43 years ago) (Superseded INCOSPAR) Headquarters Bangalore, India Primary spaceport Satish Dhawan Space Centre Motto Space technology in the service of human kind. Administrator K. Radhakrishnan, Chairman Budget 56 billion (US$950 million) (2013–14)

Formative yEARS 1. Dr. Vikram Sarabhai, the father of India's Space Programme.The Indian National Committee for Space Research (INCOSPAR) was found in 1962 with Vikram Sarabhai as its chairman. 2. S. K. Mitra conducted a series of experiments leading to the sounding of the ionosphere by application of ground based radio methods in 1920's Calcutta. 3. Government support became visible by 1950 when the Department of Atomic Energy was founded with Homi Bhabha as secretary.The Department of Atomic Energy provided funding for space research throughout India.

Goals and objectives 1. The prime objective of ISRO is to develop space technology and its application to various national tasks. 2. India's economic progress has made its space programme more visible and active as the country aims for greater self-reliance in space technology. 3. Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has successfully put into operation two major satellite systems namely Indian National Satellites (INSAT) for communication services and Indian Remote Sensing (IRS) satellites for management of natural resources.

Launch vehicle fleet Geopolitical and economic considerations during the 1960s and 1970s compelled India to initiate its own launch vehicle programme. During the first phase (1960s–1970s) the country successfully developed a sounding rockets programme, and by the 1980s, research had yielded the Satellite Launch Vehicle-3 and the more advanced Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle (ASLV), complete with operational supporting infrastructure. ISRO further applied its energies to the advancement of launch vehicle technology resulting in the creation of Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) and Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) technologies. Comparison of Indian carrier rockets. Left to right: SLV, ASLV, PSLV, GSLV, GSLV III.

Earth observation and communication satellites INSAT series INSAT (Indian National Satellite System) is a series of multi-purpose geostationary satellites launched by ISRO to satisfy the telecommunications, broadcasting, meteorology and search-and-rescue needs of India. IRS series Indian Remote Sensing satellites (IRS) are a series of earth observation satellites, built, launched and maintained by ISRO.The Indian Remote Sensing Satellite system is the largest constellation of remote sensing satellites. IRNSS series ISRO on 1st July 2013, at 23:41Hrs IST launched from Sriharikota the First Indian Navigation Satellite the IRNSS-1A. The IRNSS-1A was launched aboard PSLV-C22.

Human spaceflight programme Technology demonstration The Space Capsule Recovery Experiment (SCRE or more commonly SRE or SRE-1) is an experimental Indian spacecraft which was launched using the PSLV C7 rocket, along with three other satellites. It remained in orbit for 12 days before re-entering the Earth's atmosphere and splashing down into the Bay of Bengal. Astronaut training and other facilities ISRO will set up an astronaut training centre in Bangalore to prepare personnel for flights on board the crewed vehicle. The centre will use simulation facilities to train the selected astronauts in rescue and recovery operations and survival in zero gravity, and will undertake studies of the radiation environment of space. Development of crew vehicle The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is working towards a maiden manned Indian space mission vehicle that can carry three astronauts for seven days in a near earth orbit. The Indian manned spacecraft temporarily named as Orbital Vehicle intends to be the basis of indigenous Indian human spaceflight programme.

Planetary sciences and astronomy India's space era dawned when the first two-stage sounding rocket was launched from Thumba in 1963. Even before this, noteworthy contributions were made by the Indian scientists in the following areas of space science research: 1. Cosmic rays and high energy astronomy using both ground based as well as balloon borne experiments/studies such as neutron/meson monitors, Geiger Muller particle detectors/counters etc. 2. Ionospheric research using ground based radio propagation techniques such as ionosonde, VLF/HF/VHF radio probing, a chain of magnetometer stations etc. 3. Upper atmospheric research using ground based optical techniques such as Dobson spectrometers for measurement of total ozone content, air glow photometers etc. 4. Indian astronomers have been carrying out major investigations using a number of ground based optical and radio telescopes with varying sophistication.

Future launch vehicles GSLV-Mk III GSLV-Mk III is envisaged to launch four tonne satellite into geosynchronous transfer orbit. GSLV-Mk III is a three-stage vehicle with a 110 tonne core liquid propellant stage (L-110) and a strap-on stage with two solid propellant motors, each with 200 tonne propellant (S-200). RLV-TD The RLV-TD will act as a flying test bed to evaluate various technologies viz., hypersonic flight, autonomous landing, powered cruise flight and hypersonic flight using air-breathing propulsion.First in the series of demonstration trials is the hypersonic flight experiment (HEX).

Extraterrestrial Exploration Lunar exploration Chandrayaan-1 is India's first mission to the moon. The unmanned lunar exploration mission includes a lunar orbiter and an impactor called the Moon Impact Probe. India launched the spacecraft using a modified version of the PSLV is C11 on 22 October 2008 from Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota. The vehicle was successfully inserted into lunar orbit on 8 November 2008. Mars orbiter mission The Indian Space Research Organisation is preparing for Mangalyaan, an orbiter mission to Mars to be launched in November 2013. Venus orbiter mission ISRO is planning a mission to Venus by May 2015 to study its atmosphere. The probe will reach Venus by September 2015 and would carry at least five instruments. Solar exploration programme ISRO plans to carry out an unmanned mission to the Sun by the year 2014. The probe is named as Aditya-1 and will weigh about 400 kg.

Satellite navigation GAGAN IRNSS The Ministry of Civil Aviation has decided to implement an indigenous Satellite-Based Regional GPS Augmentation System also known as Space-Based Augmentation System (SBAS) as part of the Satellite-Based Communications, Navigation and Surveillance (CNS)/Air Traffic Management (ATM) plan for civil aviation. The Indian SBAS system has been given an acronym GAGAN – GPS Aided GEO Augmented Navigation. A national plan for satellite navigation including implementation of Technology Demonstration System (TDS) over the Indian air space as a proof of concept has been prepared jointly by Airports Authority of India (AAI) and ISRO. TDS was successfully completed during 2007 by installing eight Indian Reference Stations (INRESs) at eight Indian airports and linked to the Master Control Centre (MCC) located near Bangalore. IRNSS The Indian Regional Navigational Satellite System (IRNSS) is an autonomous regional satellite navigation system being developed by Indian Space Research Organisation which would be under total control of Indian government. The requirement of such a navigation system is driven by the fact that access to Global Navigation Satellite Systems like GPS are not guaranteed in hostile situations. ISRO plans to launch the constellation of satellites between 2012 and 2014.

Global cooperation ISRO operates LUT/MCC under the international COSPAS/SARSAT Programme for Search and Rescue. India has established a Centre for Space Science and Technology Education in Asia and the Pacific (CSSTE-AP) that is sponsored by the United Nations. India hosted the Second UN-ESCAP Ministerial Conference on Space Applications for Sustainable Development in Asia and the Pacific in November 1999. India is a member of the United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space, Cospas-Sarsat, International Astronautical Federation, Committee on Space Research (COSPAR), Inter-Agency Space Debris Coordination Committee (IADC), International Space University, and the Committee on Earth Observation Satellite (CEOS). Chandrayaan-1 carried scientific payloads from NASA, ESA and the Bulgarian Space Agency. The Russian Space Agency is cooperating with India in developing the rover for Chandrayaan-2 and also in the Indian manned mission. The United States on 24 January 2011, removed several Indian government defence-related companies, including ISRO, from the so-called Entity List, in an effort to drive hi-tech trade and forge closer strategic ties with India.

Presented By :- CHINTAN THANK YOU ! PRESENTED BY :- CHINTAN