Chapter 10 Page 254

Substances in food that your body needs to grow, to repair itself, and supply you with energy Carbohydrates, protein, fat, vitamins, minerals, water are the six nutrients we need!

Unit of Heat Measures the energy supplied by the food and used by the body

Natural physical drive Body NEEDS food

Desire (psychological), not the need, to eat Example… eating to be sociable or smelling freshly baked cookies.

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Carbohydrates * Protein* Fat* Vitamins Minerals Water * These nutrients provide energy(calories)

Starches and sugars found in food Body’s preferred source of energy Three types of Carbohydrates Simple, Complex, Fiber 1 gram of carbohydrate = 4 calories

Sugars Fructose – fruit Lactose – milk Sucrose- table sugar Enter blood very fast Quick energy followed by “crash”

Unhealthy Healthy

Red Line = Regular Sugar – breaks down fast Purple line = Fructose (sugar from fruit). Fructose breaks down more slowly

Starches (long chains of sugars linked together Found in whole grains, seeds, nuts, dried beans, potatoes Complex carbs break down more slowly Provide long term energy

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Tough complex carbohydrate that the body cannot digest Fiber helps you feel full and may reduce risk of cancer, heart disease, and diabetes Fiber helps move waste through the digestive system (helps prevent constipation) grams per day is recommended – a food with 3 grams/serving is considered a good source of fiber

Build and maintain body cells and tissues Made of long chains of substances called amino acids Body needs 20 amino acids – can make 11 of the 20 Remaining 9 are called essential amino acids and must be gotten from food 1 gram of protein = 4 calories

Contain all 9 essential amino acids Come from animal products (meat, eggs, cheese, milk) Soybeans are also a good source

Missing one or more of the essential amino acids Plant sources (beans, peas, nuts, whole grains) Combinations will equal complete protein Examples: Peanut Butter and Bread Beans and rice

Helps body grow Maintains all body cells The protein hemoglobin carries oxygen Teen boys – should have around 52 grams/day Teen girls – should have around 46 grams/day