The Chemistry of Acids and Bases

Acids and Bases: Naming At the conclusion of our time together, you should be able to: 1. Name any acid or base 2. Determine if the acid is binary or ternary (oxy-acid) and use the appropriate naming system

Naming Acids Binary Acids:  Contain “H” and one other element To Name: Hydro + second element name + ic + acid Ex: HCl = Hydro chlorine – ine + ic acid Hydrochloric acid HI = HI = Hydroiodic acid

Prefix Hydro- Stem or root of nonmetal Suffix -icacid HCl Hydro HI HCl is a binary acid – hydrogen - nonmetal chlor ic acid iodicacid H 2 S Hydrosulfuricacid

Naming Acids (cont.) Ternary Acids (oxyacids):  Contain “H”, “O” and one more element To Name: Polyatomic ion “ate”  “ic” + acid Ex:HNO 3 = Nitr-ate  ic + acid Nitric acid H 2 SO 4 = Sulfuric acid Sulfuric acid  An easy way to remember which goes with which…  “In the cafeteria, you ATE something ICky”

Naming Acids (cont.)  If the acid has one more oxygen than the root acid, the naming goes as follows: To Name: Per + Polyatomic ion “ate”  “ic” + acid Ex: HNO 4 = Per + Nitr-ate  ic + acid Pernitric acid H 2 SO 5 = Persulfuric acid Persulfuric acid

Naming Acids (cont.)  If the acid has one less oxygen than the root acid, the naming goes as follows: To Name: Polyatomic ion “ite”  “ous” + acid Polyatomic ion “ite”  “ous” + acid Ex: HNO 2 = Nitr-ite  ous + acid Nitrous acid H 2 SO 3 = Sulfurous acid

Naming Acids (cont.)  If the acid has two less oxygens than the root acid, the naming goes as follows: To Name: Hypo + Polyatomic ion “ite”  “ous” + acid Ex: HNO = Hypo + nitr-ite  ous + acid Hyponitrous acid H 2 SO 2 = Hyposulfurous acid Hyposulfurous acid

Acid Nomenclature Review No Oxygen  w/Oxygen “In the cafeteria, you ATE something ICky”

Acid Nomenclature Flowchart

Summary of Naming Ternary Acids

HBr (aq)HBr (aq) H 2 CO 3H 2 CO 3 H 2 SO 3H 2 SO 3  hydrobromic acid  carbonic acid  sulfurous acid Acid Nomenclature Review

Name ‘Em!  HI (aq)  HCl (aq)  H 2 SO 3  HNO 3  HClO 4 Hydroiodic acid Hydrochloric acid Sulfurous acid Nitric acid Perchloric acid

Practicing Naming All Acids From HO FormulaBinary or Ternary Name HClB HIB HNO 3 T H 2 SO 4 T H 3 PO 4 T H 2 CO 3 T Hydrochloric acid Nitric acid Sulfuric acid Phosphoric acid Carbonic acid Hydroiodic acid

Chemical Compound Quiz Hypochlorous acid helps get the laundry white and bright. What is the common name? Bleach

Naming Bases  Name the metal first  Add hydroxide Ex:NaOH = Sodium hydroxide KOH = Potassium hydroxide Potassium hydroxide

Some Common Bases NaOHsodium hydroxide, lye KOHpotassium hydroxide, liquid soap Mg(OH) 2 magnesium hydroxide “MOM” Milk of Magnesia Al(OH) 3 aluminum hydroxide, Maalox (antacid) Al(OH) 3 aluminum hydroxide, Maalox (antacid) NH 4 OH ammonium hydroxide

Tell you what, I’ll follow you!!

Practice Naming Bases FormulaName NaOH Fe(OH) 3 Mg(OH) 2 Ni(OH) 2 NH 4 OH Sodium hydroxide Iron (III) hydroxide Magnesium hydroxide Nickel (II) hydroxide Ammonium hydroxide

Acids and Bases: Naming Let’s see if you can: 1. Name any acid or base 2. Determine if the acid is binary or ternary (oxy-acid) and use the appropriate naming system

Pass the Clicker!!!

Name HCl. 1. Hydrogen chloride 2. Hydrochloric acid 3. Chloric acid 4. Perchloric acid 5. Chlorous acid 6. Hypochlorus acid 7. I have no idea!! 8. Who cares??

Name HClO. 1. Hydrogen chloride 2. Hydrochloric acid 3. Chloric acid 4. Perchloric acid 5. Chlorous acid 6. Hypochlorus acid

Name HClO Hydrogen chloride 2. Hydrochloric acid 3. Chloric acid 4. Perchloric acid 5. Chlorous acid 6. Hypochlorus acid

Forgetter Be Forgotten? My forgetter's getting better, But my rememberer is broke To you that may seem funny But, to me, that is no joke. For when I'm 'here' I'm wondering If I really should be 'there' And, when I try to think it through, I haven't got a prayer!

Forgetter Be Forgotten? Oft times I walk into a room, Say 'what am I here for?' I wrack my brain, but all in vain! A zero, is my score. At times I put something away Where it is safe, but, Gee! The person it is safest from Is, generally, me!

Forgetter Be Forgotten? When shopping I may see someone, Say 'Hi' and have a chat, Then, when the person walks away I ask myself, 'who the hell was that? Yes, my forgetter's getting better While my rememberer is broke, And it's driving me plumb crazy And that isn't any joke.

Name HClO Hydrogen chloride 2. Hydrochloric acid 3. Chloric acid 4. Perchloric acid 5. Chlorous acid 6. Hypochlorus acid

Name HClO Hydrogen chloride 2. Hydrochloric acid 3. Chloric acid 4. Perchloric acid 5. Chlorous acid 6. Hypochlorous acid

Name H 2 SO 4 1. Hydrogen Sulfate 2. Hydrosulfuric acid 3. Sulfuric acid 4. Persulfuric acid 5. Sulfurous acid 6. Hyposulfurous acid

Name H 3 PO 3 1. Hydrogen phosphite 2. Hydrophosphic acid 3. Phosphoric acid 4. Perphosphic acid 5. Phosphorous acid 6. Hypophosphorous acid

Name HNO. 1. Hydrogen Nitrite 2. Hydronitric acid 3. Nitric acid 4. Pernitric acid 5. Nitrous acid 6. Hyponitrous acid

Name Sr(OH) 2 1. Strontium (II) Hydroxide 2. Strontium Oxygen Hydrogen 3. Strontium Oxyhydride 4. Strontium Hydroxide 5. Strontinoic Acid 6. Strontium Dihydroxide 7. Not listed

Name Fe(OH) 3 1. Iron (III) Hydroxide 2. Iron Hydroxide 3. Ironic Acid 4. Iron (I) Hydroxide 5. Iron Oxyhydride 6. Not listed

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