John Whitelegg Living Streets June 2014 Putting sustainable transport at the heart of elections

Groundhog Day Mayer Hillman Design of First Pedestrian-Oriented New Town in the UK (with Jonas Lehrman), 1956 Hook New Town design (1961)

..and again Walking is Transport (Policy Studies Institute, 1979)

…and again Rod Tolley (editor) The greening of urban transport. Planning for walking and cycling in Western cities (1997)

So what do we know? Walking is very healthy Walking is very cheap Walking is convivial Walking nurtures high quality urban design Walking has carbon reduction potential Walking reduces air pollution Walking is a public health issue

Appleyard research replicated in Bristol by Josh Hart, Living Streets (2008)

-27% UK National Travel Survey, 2012, reports a 27% decline in walking in the period

Jan Gehl “Cities for People” We have extensive information about what can and should be done

International charter on walking 34 actions that can be implemented quickly and inexpensively

The bigger picture Vision Zero Zero carbon Think Space Think Time

Amount of space required to transport the same number of people by car, bus or bicycle

What can a government do?

Outer layers Internalise external cost so that all modes pay the full costs imposed on society as a whole Eliminate subsidy

Inner layers Implement all the urban design principles in Gehl (2010), pages Reallocate highway space Reallocate highway time Adopt full network planning for walk/cycle Total system-wide, default 20mph limits Real democracy at local level