2013 the 2nd HongKong International Conference on Engineering and Applied Science Kuwait Environmental Remediation Program (KERP) : Risk Based Approach Process Presented by Dhari AlGharabally Team Leader Soil Remediation Support Aberto De La Roche Aisha-Al-Barood Date: 17-19 / November 2015 22nd International Petroleum Environmental Conference, Denver, CO

Outline About Kuwait and Kuwait Oil Company KERP Features / UN Claims KERP-Key milestones Original vs. Revised plan Risk based approach and risk assessment KERP challenges KERP Projects planning and time frame

www.kockw.com

Population about 4 million Total area 17,820 km2 (157th) 6,880 sq mi www.kockw.com

2 Water Injection Plants 2 Water disposal plants Employees : ~ 6,000 KOC Staff ~ 50,000 Contractor staff Spread over 3 Assets South and East Kuwait West Kuwait North Kuwait Producing Assets 21 Gathering Centers 4 Booster stations ~1647 Well heads 2 Water Injection Plants 2 Water disposal plants www.kockw.com

4 MM B /D By 2020 1934 – KOC was Founded 1980 – Parent Company (KPC) was Formed 4 MM B /D By 2020 1990 – Suspended Operations (Invasion) 1946 – First Oil Shipment 1940 1930 1960 1950 1980 1970 2000 1990 2010 2020 1938 – Oil in Burgan Field Full Ownership In 1975 1991 – The Oil Fires (more than 700 wells were detonated) 1995 Reached 2 MM B /D 2009 Reached 3MM B /D Capacity

(NASA photographs STS037-152- 91 and STS-039-72-60.) In February 1991, near the end of the Gulf War, Iraqi troops systematically destroyed and set fire to 750 oil wells across Kuwait. Approximately 4 to 6 million barrels of crude oil and 70 to 100 million cubic meters of natural gas burned each day for weeks. http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Featu res/ShuttleRetrospective/page8.php (NASA photographs STS037-152- 91 and STS-039-72-60.)

KERP - PROJECT BACKGROUND After the Gulf war, in February 1991, Kuwait’s oil wells were damaged and set on fire, resulting in oil contamination of the land. Contamination of the environment occurred from oil spreading over the land surface and penetrated the soil subsurface to varying depths and formation of oil lakes. Gushing oil and combustion products from oil fires as well as heavy black smoke. After 24 years, these large oil lakes and oil contaminated piles (~26 million cubic meters of heavily oil contaminated soils) still exist in KOC oil field areas. This Unique Programme is currently the largest environmental inland cleanup in the world.

Coastal & Marine Resources KOC-KERP CLAIM AWARDS Coastal Trenches Coastal Deposits Coastal & Marine Resources Coastal Oil Trench 23,025 m3 Coastal Oil Deposits 8,319 m3 Weathered Oil layers 4,202 m3 Total Funds :$ 4 million KOC Funds : $ 4 million

Remediation of areas in and around wellhead pits and Tarcrete KOC-KERP CLAIM AWARDS Wellhead Pits Tarcrete Remediation of areas in and around wellhead pits and Tarcrete Wellhead pits 116,000 m3 Tarcrete 250,000 m3 Total Funds : $ 640 million KOC Funds : $ 170 million

KOC-KERP CLAIM AWARDS Dry Oil Lakes Soil Piles Wet Oil Lakes Remediation of: Dry and wet oil lakes Contaminated piles Wet Oil lakes 4.56 Mm3 Dry Oil Lakes 8.92 Mm3 Contaminated Piles 12.22 Mm3 Total Funds :$ 2.2 Billion KOC Funds : $ 1.9 Billion

VOLUME PER CLAIM Wellhead Pits & Tarcrete Wet Oil Lakes, Dry Oil Lakes & Contaminated Piles Coastal Trenches, Deposits, Weathered Layers

KERP- KEY MILESTONES Kuwait Gov. established KNFP 2006 MOU between KNFP and KOC 2010 KOC established Soil Remediation Group 2012 Amec Foster wheeler appointed as PMC 2012 Approval of KERP Strategy 2015

Landfills ORIGINAL PLAN Original direction was disposal Is this the legacy we want to leave? Contaminated soil Landfills

TOTAL REMEDIATION SOLUTION Re-used or recycled or Disposal KERP STRATEGY TOTAL REMEDIATION SOLUTION Treatment Risk Based Approach Re-used or recycled or Disposal TPH 2% to 10% Compared to the old strategy, landfill need is cut by 90% TPH > 10% TPH 1% to 3% 10% 40% 50%

Why Risk-Based Approach is important element in KERP? 2013 the 2nd HongKong International Conference on Engineering and Applied Science Why Risk-Based Approach is important element in KERP?

RISK BASED APPROACH 1. The RBA provides the vehicle to minimize any unnecessary remedial activity 2. Derive risk based, site-specific clean up criteria (SSAC) for contaminants 3. Determine remediation areas and priorities 4. Agree the steps and clean-up criteria with stakeholders 5. Use risk assessments to determine re-use, no action, or limited action

RISK Hazard Exposure Receptor RISK ASSESSMENT Risk assessment is a tool to evaluate potential risks to human health and the environment. Quantitative Risk Assessment is used to develop remediation/corrective target goals and prioritize areas. Risk => Hazard X Exposure X Receptor RISK Hazard Exposure Receptor

RISK ASSESSMENT CONCEPTUAL SITE MODEL Conceptual Site Model (CSM) - Typical Oil Exploration Site ure

Obtaining Current Data Selection of proven Technologies KEY CHALLENGES Funds Management Obtaining Current Data Selection of proven Technologies Challenges Funds: external funding, KOC adapting to it Tech: how to know what works, treatment technologies workshop Contracting strategy: unknowns – lessons learned from SEED UXO: major bottle neck , based on experience from previous projects Data: available data is 12 years old, insufficient data to design future projects UXO/ EOD Management Contracts Strategy

KERP Projects Planning Current Projects Landfill SEK 0.5 Mm3 Short Term Projects Treatment Process NK 400,000m3 Landfill NK 1.7Mm3 Sludge Studies Excavation & Transportation NK 1.7 Mm3 Excavation & Transportation SEK 0.5 Mm3 Treatment Process SEK 300,000m3 Landfills in Current projects: to comply with UN regulations, priority areas, over fresh water and heavy material UXO: geophysical survey SSC: extent and type Long term: goal is to eliminate Landfill by sludge studies Our current plans include more landfills, however, our aim is to eliminate further landfills by investing our efforts in reuse, recycle, recover through studies Treatment Processes 9.7Mm3 Long Term/ Future Projects Enabling Projects UXO Project Recovery for Disposal/Re-use 1.4Mm3 Site Soil Characterization Risk Based Approach 9.2 Mm3 Landfill 2.8Mm3

KERP TIME FRAME OTHER STAKEHOLDERS KMOD KEPA PAAF MEW The line started to rise, and our job is to keep that momentum going. Ladies and gentlemen, Our motive to coming to work everyday is …

Preserving the future of Kuwait Thank you Kuwait Oil Company Preserving the future of Kuwait www.kockw.com Dhari AlGharabally dgharaba@kockw.com (857) 540-8410 USA (end of Nov) +965 99703370 Kuwait 2013 the 2nd HongKong International Conference on Engineering and Applied Science