Chapter 6 “In the Mood” : The Swing Era, 1935-1945.

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 6 “In the Mood” : The Swing Era,

Chapter 6 (outline) Swing Music and American Culture Benny Goodman: “The King of Swing” Duke Ellington in the Swing Era Kansas City Swing: Count Basie Superstar of Swing: Glenn Miller Country Music in the Swing Era: Roy Acuff, Singing Cowboys, and Western Swing Latin Music in the Swing Era ASCAP, the AFM, and the Decline of the Big Bands

Fletcher Henderson ( ) 1 st important arranger Use of instrumental groups (“sections”) Call and response “Riffing” Limited solos EX. - Fletcher Henderson - Wrappin' It Up (Textbook LG, p 161-3)Fletcher Henderson - Wrappin' It Up

Benny Goodman ( ) Chicago, Russian immigrant family To NYC (freelance) “Let’s Dance” (Nabisco, 1934) Henderson Arrangements 1935 National Tour (a bust?) Palomar Ballroom (LA)! “The King of Swing” Carnegie Hall 1938 Exs. YouTube - Benny Goodman - Wrappin' It Up - YouTube - Benny Goodman - King Porter Stomp - YouTube - Don't Be That Way-by Benny Goodman - YouTube - Sing Sing Sing - Carnegie Hall "Taking a Chance on Love" Benny Goodman and Helen Forrest – YouTube (Textbook LG, p )Benny Goodman - Wrappin' It Up - YouTubeBenny Goodman - King Porter Stomp - YouTubeDon't Be That Way-by Benny Goodman - YouTubeSing Sing Sing - Carnegie Hall 1938"Taking a Chance on Love" Benny Goodman and Helen Forrest – YouTube

Chick Webb ( ) Born Baltimore To NYC 1922 House band at Savoy “Battle of the Bands” (“Cutting Contests”) Defeats Goodman (1937), “ties” Basie (1938) “THE (real) King of Swing” Exs. - Chick Webb - STOMPIN' AT THE SAVOY – YouTube - Chick Webb and His Orchestra / Harlem Congo – YouTube - St. Louis Blues - Ella Fitzgerald & Chick Webb at the Savoy Ballroom. - YouTubeChick Webb - STOMPIN' AT THE SAVOY – YouTubeChick Webb and His Orchestra / Harlem Congo – YouTubeSt. Louis Blues - Ella Fitzgerald & Chick Webb at the Savoy Ballroom. - YouTube

Big Bands & the Blues 12-Bar Blues (3 4-measure phrases) “riffing” “head charts” Emphasis on rhythmic drive (4 strong beats) Influenced by “Boogie Woogie” piano Most prominent in Kansas City and Southwest “Territories”

“Boogie Woogie” Piano Blues – as early as 1870s (?), emerged in 1920s Rural South and especially the Southwest (Texas, Arkansas, Oklahoma, Missouri) Barrelhouses, “Juke Joints” (Af-Am, very rowdy, etc.)

“…like the left hand of God…” Riffing (short, repeated patterns) Clarence “Pine Top” Smith ( ) “Pine Top’s Boogie Woogie” (1928) [1 st published use of term] Ex. pinetop's boogie woogie YouTubepinetop's boogie woogie YouTube Albert Ammons ( ), Chicago “Boogie Woogie Stomp” Ex. Boogie Woogie Stomp - Albert Ammons - YouTubeBoogie Woogie Stomp - Albert Ammons - YouTube Meade “Lux” Lewis ( ), Chicago “Honky Tonk Train Blues” Exs. HONKY TONK TRAIN BLUES - Meade Lux Lewis – YouTube - Keith Emerson & Oscar Peterson - Honky Tonky Train Blues - YouTubeHONKY TONK TRAIN BLUES - Meade Lux Lewis – YouTubeKeith Emerson & Oscar Peterson - Honky Tonky Train Blues - YouTube Pete Johnson ( ), Kansas City “Roll ‘em Pete” (w/ Big Joe Turner) (1938) Ex. Big Joe Turner - Pete Johnson 1938 ~ Roll 'Em Pete - YouTubeBig Joe Turner - Pete Johnson 1938 ~ Roll 'Em Pete - YouTube

“Territory Bands” Kansas City and the Southwest 12-bar Blues forms, 4 strong beats, faster tempo Walter Page and Blue Devils (Oklahoma City-Wichita) “Blue Devil Blues” (1929) Ex. Walter Page's Blue Devils - Blue Devil Blues (1929) - YouTubeWalter Page's Blue Devils - Blue Devil Blues (1929) - YouTube Bennie Moten (Kansas City) “Moten Swing” (1933) Ex. Bennie Moten's Kansas City Orchestra - Moten's Swing (Moten Swing) Victor YouTubeBennie Moten's Kansas City Orchestra - Moten's Swing (Moten Swing) Victor YouTube Andy Kirk and his Twelve Clouds of Joy (Dallas, then Kansas City) “Take It and Git” (First # 1 on Harlem Hit Parade, 1942) Ex. Andy Kirk And His Twelve Clouds Of Joy-Take It And Git (Decca 4366) - YouTubeAndy Kirk And His Twelve Clouds Of Joy-Take It And Git (Decca 4366) - YouTube

William “Count” Basie ( ) Local NJ piano, organ player Harlem “stride” piano Touring (stuck in KC) Bennie Moten’s Band ( ) Forms own band ( ) Heard by John Hammond Brought to NYC Battles Chick Webb’s band to “tie” House Band at Famous Door The leading “swing band” after 1938 Exs Shoe Shine Boy (w/ Lester Young) JONES-SMITH INC. (COUNT BASIE) SHOE SHINE BOY 78RPM - YouTube JONES-SMITH INC. (COUNT BASIE) SHOE SHINE BOY 78RPM - YouTube (Textbook LG, p ) One O’Clock Jump (“Blue Balls”) One O'Clock Jump - Count Basie – YouTube One O'Clock Jump - Count Basie – YouTube

Glenn Miller ( ?) Most successful band (commercial, ) Disciplined arrangements Lost in WW II Exs. - Moonlight Serenade - The Glenn Miller Orchestra ("In The Digital Mood" version) (in HD) (GM’s theme song) - Glenn Miller - Chattanooga Choo Choo - Sun Valley Serenade (1941) HQ – YouTube - Glenn Miller - In The Mood [HQ] – YouTube (textbook, p )Moonlight Serenade - The Glenn Miller Orchestra ("In The Digital Mood" version) (in HD)Glenn Miller - Chattanooga Choo Choo - Sun Valley Serenade (1941) HQ – YouTubeGlenn Miller - In The Mood [HQ] – YouTube