Chapter 7 The Internet and the World Wide Web

The Internet: A Global Network Besides communications, the Internet can also be used for research, distance learning, entertainment, and e-commerce. Search engines can be used to conduct research. Computers can be used for entertainment purposes, including playing games, listening to music, and even viewing movies and videos

Electronic Commerce (E-commerce) Refers to the Internet exchange of business information, products, services, and payments.

Categories of E-commerce E-commerce is commonly divided into two categories defined by target audience Business-to-consumer (B2C) Business-to-business (B2B).

Internet Service Provider ( ISP) ISP Office An Internet service provider (ISP) is a company that provides Internet access.

Value Added Networks (VANs) Large ISP companies that provide a connection to the Internet as well as additional content.

Connecting to the Internet Dial-up uses a modem over a standard telephone line. LAN connection options include cable, digital subscriber line (DSL), wireless, and satellite. There are two main ways for users to connect to the Internet: through dial-up access or by using a LAN connection.

Navigating the Internet To access and move about the Web, users need to know how to navigate using a browser.

Favorites Yahoo MSN Netscape CNN Google Meta Browsers Allow users to put all their favorite sites onto one page.

Internet Protocol (IP) Addresses Web browsers locate material on the Internet using Internet protocol (IP) addresses.

Uniform Resource Locator (URL) (URL) is a pathname describing where the information can be found. Every IP also has a corresponding Web address called a Uniform Resource Locator (URL).

Packets The Internet breaks files into many pieces of data, called packets. P1 P2 P3

Packet-Switching The Internet sends packets out over separate routes, a process called packet- switching. 56k 28.8k DSL ROUTER P1 P2P3 P2

A Web Page A single document viewable on the World Wide Web.

A Web Site Includes all of the Web pages comprising the site. Links to other pages of site.

Home Page The first page displayed after a Web site is accessed is usually the site’s home page.

Hyperlink Click Here to see next slide. A Web link, or link, is any element on the screen that is coded to transport viewers to another page or site.

(HTML) Web pages are usually created using hypertext markup language (HTML).

Extensible Markup Language (XML) A new and improved Web language that allows computers to communicate with each other directly.

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A plug-in A miniprogram that extends the capabilities of Web browsers in a variety of ways.

Ways Companies Advertise on the Internet

WebRings Linked sites devoted to a similar theme or topic.

Searching for Information on the Internet Searches are conducted using keywords (search terms). Advanced searching requires the use of logic statements known as search operators to refine searches and improve results.

Peer-to-Peer (P2P) File Sharing Allows people to download material from other users’ hard drives.

Internet Telephone Services Provide free long-distance service.

Streaming Techniques An alternative to downloading a video file is to access it using streaming techniques (also known as webcasting).

Webcams Tiny video cameras called webcams allow conversations over the Web through live video transmission.

Free services work by using a Web browser as an interface.

Audio Mail Allows people to transmit not only text and pictures but also a recording of their voice.

Internet Community Issues Flaming is one of the most frequently encountered examples of rude Internet behavior. Guidelines for good behavior, called netiquette, encourage people to interact productively Moderated environments are another solution to inappropriate behavior.

Internet Policy Developers have not reached an agreement on a common communications standard. Incompatible standards mean that businesses and consumers are inconvenienced, and the full potential of the application is not realized.

Internet Policy Development Issues Limited bandwidth in many areas slows down transmissions speeds, especially with the huge multimedia files that are increasingly common.

More Internet Policy Development Issues Privacy and security are major concerns in communications and e-commerce transactions. Encryption systems can protect customers’ financial information.

Viruses Computer viruses represent a significant threat to all computer systems. To eliminate the threat, virus scanning software is widely available.

The Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998 The DMC Act of 1998 generally prohibits people from defeating software encryption programs and other safeguards that copyright holders have established to control access to their works. Copyright law violations are frequent occurrences on the Internet.

On the Horizon Satellite Internet Connections Remote ISPs connect to the satellite network using antennae attached to their servers. Data is relayed to and from ISP servers to satellites, which are, in turn, connected to an Internet backbone access point. Another Internet? A remedy for the traffic clogging the information highway is Internet2, a revolutionary new type of Internet currently under development. Another Internet? A remedy for the traffic clogging the information highway is Internet2, a revolutionary new type of Internet currently under development. XML-Based Web Services Web services are integrated Web-based applications using the new XML Web language. XML is used to structure data interchange for better information sharing. XML-Based Web Services Web services are integrated Web-based applications using the new XML Web language. XML is used to structure data interchange for better information sharing. Bring Your Own Access: Internet Services for a Fee Industry observers, including the research firm Forrester, predict that large portals will soon determine effective structures and marketing strategies to get consumers to pay for Internet services. Bring Your Own Access: Internet Services for a Fee Industry observers, including the research firm Forrester, predict that large portals will soon determine effective structures and marketing strategies to get consumers to pay for Internet services.