The English Civil War Journal Prompt: What causes people to rebel against their government? November 4, 2015 Image Courtesy of the British Library Retrieved from,

World Turned Upside Down, 1647 Image Courtesy of the British Library Retrieved from,

The Historian’s Craft Image Courtesy of the National Galleries of Scotland Retrieved from, 208

Death Warrant for Charles I Image Courtesy of the Parliament of the United Kingdom Retrieved from, heritage/evolutionofparliament/parliamentaryauthority/civilwar/collections/de athwarrant/

To Kill A King, Produce by: Kevin Loader Written by: Jenny Mayhew Directed by: Mike Barker Distributed by: FilmFour Productions

The Apotheosis of James I Medium: Oil on canvas. Displayed as a ceiling panel Artist: Peter Paul Rubens, Flemish Baroque Master Location: The ceiling panel is located in the Banquet Hall at Whitehall Palace Elements: Apotheosis- Elevation of a person to divine status Image Courtesy of The Banqueting House-Whitehall Palace, Historic Royal Palaces Retrieved from, apotheosis-of-james-i

“De'il gie you colic, the wame o’ ye, fause thief; daur ye say Mass in my lug?" Scan from, Scotland, A Concise History, Fitzroy Maclean, Thames and Hudson 1991, ISBN ISBN

Creating Context

The Tudors Henry VIII Creates Church of England Edward VI Only Son Keeps Protestant Faith Mary I Brings back Catholic faith “Bloody Mary” Elizabeth I Brings back Church of England “Elizabeth the Great” Image Courtesy of the National Gallery, London Retrieved from, 145/king-henry-viii Image Courtesy of the National Gallery, London Retrieved from, studies/matb-case-study-3.php Image Courtesy of the National Gallery, London Retrieved from, Image Courtesy of the National Gallery, London Retrieved from, hp

James I and the Stuarts Raised Catholic in Scotland Gunpowder Plot- plot to set off an explosion at the House of Lords during the opening of Parliament. James I crowned King of England. James I dies and the crown is passed to his son Charles I Public Domain Image

Charles I Charles I crowned King of England. Abuses of Power Calls Parliament whenever he needs money He forces taxes on nobles Quarters troops in peoples’ homes Enacts martial law Openly persecutes Puritans Does not like Parliament but needs funds for a War with Spain. Image Courtesy of the National Portrait Gallery, London Retrieved from, van-dyck-equestrian-portrait-of-charles-i

Charles I continued Parliament, fed up with Charles’ mistreatment. The Petition of Right However, Charles ignores the petition from Parliament forces Charles to sign the Petition of Right Meant to weaken the absolute powers of the King. Recognizes rights of Parliament Public Domain Image

Charles I continued 1649-After losing to Parliamentary forces Charles I is executed for treason. Rebellion breaks out in Scotland over religious conflict Charles needs Money. Calls Parliament to raise funds to stop the Scottish rebellion. Scan from, Scotland, A Concise History, Fitzroy Maclean, Thames and Hudson 1991, ISBN ISBN

Oliver Cromwell : Lord Protectorate of England Oliver Cromwell led Parliamentary forces to victory over the Royal forces. Parliament = Roundheads Royal Forces = Cavaliers When Parliament dissolved the Monarchy, Oliver Cromwell was named the Lord Protectorate of England. Cromwell ruled with an iron fist and was particularly harsh on Catholic factions in Britain, especially the Irish. Image Courtesy of the National Portrait Gallery, London Retrieved from, 602/Oliver- Cromwell?LinkID=mp01116&wPage=0&role=sit&rNo =11

The Restoration : 1660 After Oliver Cromwell’s death Parliament was not able to hold onto control and the Monarchy was restored. Charles II (son of Charles I) crowned King. Like his father Charles II was widely disliked for lavish spending and Catholic sympathies. Charles II dies without an heir Public Domain Image

James II and the Glorious Revolution, 1688 James II was an open Catholic and widely distrusted throughout England. William of Orange and his wife Mary (daughter of James II) agree to back a plan to overthrow James II. Public Domain Image

William and Mary The revolution occurred without bloodshed and is known as the Glorious Revolution. King William and Queen Mary sign the 1689 Bill of Rights. Limiting the powers of the British monarchy. Images Courtesy of the National Portrait Gallery, London Retrieved from, II?LinkID=mp02998&role=sit&rNo=1http:// II?LinkID=mp02998&role=sit&rNo=1 III?LinkID=mp04834&role=sit&rNo=5

1689 English Bill of Rights Established Constitutional Monarch All taxes must be approved by Parliament No more standing army Parliament to meet regularly Parliament can petition the King No more Catholic Kings and Queens