m&²y m&Ñiai[:  uRpidn (vF[y a[Tl[ S&>?  (bn-p\miNsr uRpidnni[ (nym  kdni ai(Y<k liBiliB uRpidn (vF[y (Production Function)

uRpidn (vF[y a[ uRpidnni siFni[ an[ t[mni ¹viri Yti> uRpidn vµc[ni[ T[k`(nkl s>b>F dSi<v[ C[. p\i[. IATglrni mt m&jb, “uRpidn (vF[y ap uRpidk s[viai[ni ri[kiNni dr an[ uRpidnni dr vµc[ni[ s>b>F C[. Ai s>b>F S&¹F $p[ Bi](tk an[ T[k(nkl Av$pni[ C[ an[ t[n[ siFn tYi uRpidnn) (k>mt siY[ ki[e (nAbt nY). uRpidn (vF[yni[ a¿yis aip[li siFni[ an[ T[k`ni[li[J ¹viri mh_im uRpidn ke r)t[ m[Lv) Skiy t[n) siY[ s>b>F Friv[ C[.” sm)krN Av$pmi>, Q = f (x 1, x 2, x 3,... x n ) ah)>, Q = uRpidnni a[kmi[ x 1 = jm)nn&> p\miN, x 2 = ~mni> a[kmi[n&> p\miN, x 3 = m*D)ni a[kmi[n&> p\miN 1. uRpidn (vF[yn) Äyi²yi:

j&di-j&di aY j&di> p\kirni uRpidn (vF[yi[n&> pr)xN ky& C[. Ai bFi uRpidn (vF[yi[n[ b[ (vBigmi> vh[>c) Skiy. {1} a[k p\kirni uRpidn (vF[ymi> am&k uRpidnni siFni[[[n[ (Ayr riK)n[ aºy uRpidnni suFni[n&> p\miN f[rfir krvimi> aiv[ C[. {2} b)ji p\kirni uRpidn (vF[ymi> bFi> j siFni[n&> p\miN bdlit&> rh[ C[. uRpidn (vF[yn&> Av$p: {1} vFti vLtrn&> uRpidn (vF[y {2} IAYr vLtrn&> uRpidn (vF[y {3} Gtti vLtrn&> uRpidn (vF[y

uRpidn aYvi p[diS a>g[ni k[Tlik mh_vni ²yili[: {1} k&l uRpidn {p[diS}: aºy siFni[n&> p\miN IAYr riK)n[ ki[e a[k siFnni a[kmi[ ¹viri Yt&> k&l uRpidn. {2} sr[riS uRpidn: ki[e siFnn) a[km d)q p[diS {3} s)mi>t uRpidn: siFnni vFirini a[k a[kmni[ upyi[g krviY) k&l p[diSmi> Yy[li[ vFiri[. sr[riS p[diS = k&l uRpidn siFnni k&l a[kmi[ s)>mit uRpidn= k&l uRpidnmi> Yy[li[ fr[fir siFnni a[kmi[mi> Yy[li[ f[rfir

2. (bn-p\miNsr uRpidnni[ (nym (Law of Variable Proportions) ai (nym aY>SiA#ini (s¹Fi>ti[mi> a(t-mh_vn&> AYin Friv[ C[. ai (nym aipNn[ smj aip[ C[ k[ uRpidnni aºy siFni[n[ IAYr riK)n[ jyir[ ki[e a[k siFnni p\miNmi> f[rfir krvimi> aiv[ C[ Ryir[ k&l uRpidn pr t[n) S) asr Yiy C[. p\(SOT an[ nv p\S(OT aY ai nv&> nim C[. p\i[. J.j[ AT)glrni mt[ “aºy siFni[n&> p\miN (Ayr riK)m[ j[m j[m ki[e a[k siFnni a[kmi[mi> um[ri[ krvimi> aiv[ C[ Ryir[ am&k ci[kks (b>d& bid p[diSmi> Yti[ vFiri[ GTti[ jiy C[., a[Tl[ k[, s)mi>t p[diS GTt) jiy C[.

(bn p\miNsr uRpidnni (nymni> #iN pi>si C[. {1} vFt) p[diSni[ (nym- uRpidnni Bi](tk siFn p\miNmi> vFiri krti uRpidn p\miNmi> Yti[ vFiri[ vF& hi[y C[. {2} IAYr p[diSni[ (nym: uRpidn siFnni p\miNmi> vFiri an[ uRpidn p\miNmi> srKi[ vFiri[. {3} GTt) p[diSni[ (nym: uRpidni siFnmi> p\miN vFiri krti uRpidn p\miNmi> FTti dr[ vFiri[ Yiy. (bn-p\miNsr uRpidnni[ (nymn) FirNiai[: {1} tTAY uRpidn p¹F(t {2} am&k siFni[n&> p\miN IAYr riK) Skiy t[v&> hi[v&> ji[ea[. {3} aIAYr siFni[ni bFi a[kmi[ sming&N) hi[vi ji[ea[. {4} siFn-s>yi[jn p(rvt ji[ea[.

(bn-p\miNsr uRpidnn9 (nymn) ki[qi an[ aikZ(_i ¹viri smj*t) siFn s>yi[jn (Ayr siFnaIAYr siFn k&l p[diSs)mi>t p[diS sr[riS p[diS (nym 1 X vFt) p[diSni[ (nym 2 X X X X GTt) p[diSni[ (nym 6 X X X X X nkiriRmk p[diSni[ (nym

ki[OTk an[ aikZ(_i prY) k[Tli>k mh_vni m&Ñiai[ 1} s)mi>t p[diSmi> jyir[ vFiri[ Yti[ jiy C[. Ryir[ k&l p[diS vFti dr[ vF[ C[. {2} s)mi>t p[diS jyir[ S*ºy Yiy C[, Ryir[ p[diS mh_im hi[y C[. {3} s)mi>t p[diS jyir[ nkiriRmk bn[ Ryir[ k&l p[diS Gtvi mi>D[ C[. {4} s)mi>t p[diS jyi> s&F) vFt&> rh[ Ryi> s&F) sr[riS p[diS pN vF& hi[y C[. {5} s)mi>t p[diSmi> GTiDin) siYi[siY sr[riS p[diSmi> GTiDi[ Yiy C[. aiY) s)mi>t p[diSn) r[Ki sr[riS p[diSn) r[Kini mh_im (b>d&a[ C[d[ C[. I II II I sr[riS uRpidn s)mi>t uRpidn aIAYr siFni[ni a[kmi[ k&l uRpidn uRpidn

#iN tbkkiai[n) smj*t): {1} p\Ym t¾bki[: vFt) p[diSni[ tbkki[: k&l uRpidn, s)mi>t upidkn, sr[riS uRpidnmi> vFiri[ - s)mi>t p[diSn) r[Ki sr[riS uRpidm r[Kin) mh_im (b>d&a[ C[ {sr[riS uRpidn mh_im} j[ p\Ym tbkkini[ a>t – vFt) p[diSni m&²y b[ kirNi[ - - {1} uRpidnni siFnipn) a(vBijyti {2} ai>t(rk krksri[ j[v) k[ T[k`n)kl keksr, vh)vT) krkrsi[, niNi>k)y krksi[ vg[r[... {2} b)ji[ tbkki[: GTt) p[diSni[ tbkki[: uRpidn GTti dr[ vF[ C[ - s)mi>t uRpidn GTDi dr[ vF[ - k&l p[diS mh_im -s)mi>t p[dis S*ºy - b)ji bbkkini[ a>t - ai tbkkini m&²y kirNi[... {1} kdni g[r liB {2} uRpidnni siFni[n&> ap*N

{3} #i)ji[ tbkki[: nkiriRkim p[diSni[ tbkki[: k&l uRpidnm> GTiDi[ - s)mi>t p[diS äN bn[ C[ - sr[riS uRpidnmi> GTiDi[ -IAYr an[ aIAYr siFni[n) uRpidnmi> GTiDi[ {di.t – jm)nni pk T*kDi) uRpidkti}. vFt) p[diS an[ GTt) p[diS miT[ni kirNi[: {a} vFt) p[diS miT[ni m&²y kirNi[: {1} siFni[n) a(vBijyti {2} ~m (vbijn an[ (v(SIOT krNni liB {b} GTt) p[diS miT[ni kirNi[: {1} IAYr siFni[ni mh_im upyi[g pC)n) p(rIAY(t {2} aIAYr siFni[n) a(vBijyti {4} nkiriRmk p[diS miT[ni kirNi[: {1} IAYr siFn) t&lnimi> aIAYr siFni[n&> vF& p\miN {2} IAYr siFni[n) kiy<xmti pr (vpr)t asr

3. kdni ai(Y<k liBiliB: ai>t(rk krksri[: ai>t(rk krksrni liB j[ t[ p[Q)n[ mLti a>tg j[m j[m (vAtir Yiy C[ t[m t[m t[n[ k[Tl)k ci[kks krksri[ p\i¼t Yiy C[. ai krksri[n[ ai>t(rk krksri[ aYvi a[km- (vkisni liB kh[vimi> aiv[ C[. {1} T[kn)kl krksr {2} sL>g ji[DiNn) krksr[ {3} vh)vT) krksr {4} ni>Ni>k)y krksr {5} Kr)d v[ciNn) krksr {6} ji[Km GTiDin) krksr

kdni ai(Y<k liBiliB: biH krksri[: biH krksri[ a[ C[ k[ j[ni[ liB ki[e a[k p[Q) j n(h> pr>t& smg\ uwi[gmi>n) bF) j p[A)ai[n[ t[mj aºy uwi[gi[n[ pN mL[ C[. {1} vihn Äyvhir an[ s>d[Si Äyvhir {2} piN)n) svlti {4} (FriNn) svlti[ {3} T[kn)kl til)m an[ s>Si[Fn g[rliB: {1} am&k (b>d& pC) (v(vF p\(k\yin&> s>kln krv& m&Æk[l C[. {2} vh)vT) p\Åni[ up(AYt Yiy C[. {3} am&k (b>d& pC) (nONi>ti[ni a(Bp\iyi[ pN j&di pD[ C[.