Highway Types I. Clarification of some terminologies 1.高速公路、高等级公路、高级路面 2. Intersection, crossing at grade, grade separation, interchange 3. Through traffic vs. local traffic 4. Arterial highway vs. minor highway 5. *Control of access - Condition where the right of owners or occupants of abutting land or other persons to access, light, or view in connection with a highway is fully or partially controlled by public authority 1) Full control of access 2) Partial control of access 1 Wednesday, April 26, 2017 Zhou p10

Highway Types I. Clarification of some terminologies 6. *Right of way 1) The strip of land over which facilities such as highways, railroads, or power lines are built. 2) The customary or legal right of a person, vessel, or vehicle to pass in front of another. II. *Highway types under AASHTO Definitions by AASHTO Special Committee on Nomenclature: 1. Expressway: Divided arterial highway for through traffic with full or partial control of access and generally with grade separations at major intersections 2 Wednesday, April 26, 2017 Zhou p10

Highway Types II. Highway types under AASHTO 2. Freeway: Expressway with full control of access 3. Parkway: Arterial highway, with full or partial control of access, within a park or a ribbon of parklike developments 4. Major street or highway: Arterial highway with intersections at grade and direct access to abutting property, and on which geometric design and traffic-control measures are used to expedite the safe movement of through traffic 5. Through street or highway: Every highway or portion thereof on which traffic is given right of way, and at the entrances to which traffic from intersecting highways is required by law to yield right of way to vehicles on such through highway in obedience to either a stop sign or a yield sign 3 Wednesday, April 26, 2017 Zhou p10

Highway Types II. Highway types under AASHTO 6. Local road: Street or road mainly for access to residence, business, or other abutting property III. Advantages of the freeway, typified by the Interstate System of the United States 1. Greater capacity: The absence of intersections or crossings at grade and the elimination of marginal friction through access control permit unrestricted, full-time use by moving vehicles, rather than restricted, part-time flow. 2. Reduced travel time: Time losses from stopping and waiting at intersections are eliminated. Most of the conflicts that contribute to accidents are eliminated. Drivers normally can and will travel at higher and sustained speeds. 4 Wednesday, April 26, 2017 Zhou p10

Highway Types III. Advantages of the freeway 3. Safer operation: Elimination of conflicts at intersections and along both margins of the roadway and the barring of pedestrians from the right of way usually bring substantial reductions in accidents. 4. Permanence: Access control prevents the growth of businesses or other activities along the roadway margin. Without access control, capacity is reduced and accident potential is substantially increased. 5. Reduced operating cost, fuel consumption, air pollution, and noise 5 Wednesday, April 26, 2017 Zhou p10

Highway Types AASHTO(美国各州公路及交通工作者协会): formerly known as AASHO(American Association of State Highway Officials), American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, is a nonprofit association representing highway and transportation departments in the 50 states, the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico. AASHTO represents all five transportation modes: air, highways, public transportation, rail and water. Its primary goal is to foster the development, operation and maintenance of an integrated national transportation system. 6 Wednesday, April 26, 2017 Zhou p10