I. Perceptual Organization Overview Introduction (Gestalt) A. Form Perception B. Depth Perception C. Motion Perception D. Perceptual Constancy

Introduction _____________ “form” or “whole” Field of psychology that emphasizes our tendency to integrate pieces of information into meaningful wholes

A. Form Perception _____________________ : organization of the visual field into objects (the figures) that stand out from their surroundings (the ground). A reversible figure-ground illustration

A. Form Perception _______________– the perceptual tendency to organize stimuli into coherent groups. –Proximity –Similarity –Continuity –Connectedness –Closure We bring order & form to basic perceptions

B. Depth Perception Depth perception: ability to see objects in three dimensions although the images that strike the retina are two-dimensional

B. Depth Perception Binocular Cues How do we see depth? –We respond to cues Binocular cues or Monocular Cues –Retinal disparityRetinal disparity

B. Depth Perception Mononocular Cues Monocular cues 1.Relative height 2.Relative size 3.Interposition 4.Linear perspective 5.Relative motion 6.Light and shadow Page 155- Read the caption & be able to explain in your own words.

C. Motion Perception Stroboscopic movement- a rapid series of slightly varying images perceived as movement –Film Phi phenomenon- an illusion of movement created when two or more adjacent lights blink on and off in quick succession. ExamplePhi phenomenonExample

D. Perceptual Constancy Perceptual Constancy: perceiving objects as unchanging (having consistent shapes, size, lightness, and color) even as illumination and retinal images change –Shape Constancy –Size Constancy –Lightness Constancy –Color Constancy

Perceptual Constancy Shape and Size Constancies Shape constancy

Perceptual Constancy Shape and Size Constancies Size constancy- we perceive object as having a constant size even when our distance from them varies –This interplay between perceived size and perceived distance helps explain several well- known illusions Moon illusion

Perceptual Constancy Lightness Constancy Lightness constancy ( aka Brightness constancy) –We perceive constant lightness even when illumination varies –Relative luminance Relative to objects around it

Perceptual Constancy Color Constancy Color constancy: perceiving familiar objects as having consistent color, even if changing illumination alters the wavelengths reflected by the object. –Surrounding context –Surrounding objects

II. Perceptual Interpretation A.Sensory Deprivation & Restored Vision B.Sensory Adaptation C.Perceptual Set D.Perception as Biopsychosocial Phenomenon

A. Sensory Deprivation & Restored Vision Experiments on sensory deprivation –Critical period

B. Perceptual Adaptation Perceptual adaptation –in vision, the ability to adjust to an artificially displaced or even inverted visual field. –Displacement goggles

C. Perceptual Set Perceptual set: a mental disposition to perceive one thing and not another – Mental predisposition the readiness to interpret a stimulus in a certain way –Schemas

C. Perceptual Set Context Effects Context effects

C. Perceptual Set Emotion and Motivation Motivation on perception Emotions on perception

D. Perception is a Biopsychosocial Phenomenon

Is There Extrasensory Perception? Parapsychology

Claims of ESP Parapsychology –study of paranormal phenomena, includes ESP & psychokinesis (PK). Extrasensory Perception –the controversial claim that perception can occur apart from sensory input Telepathy Clairvoyance Precognition