University of Jordan Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Biopharmaceuticals and Clinical Pharmacy Para-pharmaceuticals Mayyada Wazaify, PhD & Rana Abu-Dahab, PhD 1/7/20161

What is Parapharmaceuticals? Para- in the dictionary: 1. A prefix signifying alongside of, beside, beyond, against; As parable, literally, a placing beside, involvement of two like parts or a pair, adjacent, near.Prefixalongsidepartspairadjacentnear 2. (P-). In chemistry, and italicised prefix two substitutions in the benzene ring arranged symmetrically, i.E., Linked to opposite carbon atoms in the ring.chemistrysubstitutionsbenzene ringLinked oppositecarbonatomsring 1/7/2016 2

Pharmaceutical preparations: Drugs intended for human or veterinary use, presented in their finished dosage form. Para- the rest beside it! 1/7/2016 3

Examples: Condoms Thermometers Adhesive bandages Dressings Blood pressure gauge Pregnancy tests Vitamins Paramedical accessories Allergy kits Medicinal plants Smoking-cessation products First-aid kits Insect repellents Urinary incontinence pads Tweezers Essential oils 1/7/2016 4

Self care and OTC medicines Self care: an action taken by individuals to optimise their health and wellbeing, both physical and mental. Both: prevention of illness and self treatment in minor situations and long term conditions already diagnosed by a doctor. People want more info, choice and control over their health. Self care could lead to improved health and quality of life. 1/7/2016 5

Public would seek advice from health professionals: pharmacists Pharmacists should have the skills in addressing a problem as well as education to deal with and prevent problems and symptoms in the future. Partnership with medical practitioners 1/7/2016 6

Diagnosis and History Taking Initial diagnosis is needed to exclude any serious cause that needs medical consultation Screening, sieving process which can be achieved by careful intelligent questioning of the patient 1/7/2016 7

General Rules for Diagnosis Who is the patient? Third party, child, severe symptoms, signs could be observed Describe the ailment with own words Allow the patient to relax Verbal and non verbal body language Ask about current or recent medicines ! Drug induced symptoms ! Any medications taken but were ineffective 1/7/2016 8

Questions to Ask Site or location. e.g. Abdominal pain. Where is the pain?: appendicitis, renal colic, peptic ulcer, biliary colic Headache: tension headache, migrain, sinusitis 1/7/2016 9

Intensity or severity: pain, bleeding wounds, urgency of the situation. Might call for referral. Duration: might help in diagnosis. Headache: migraine or tension. Diarrhea Onset: when did the symptoms start? Accompanying symptoms: productive cough and diarrhea with blood. Red eye with visual disturbance 1/7/

Factors that aggravate the condition: peptic ulcer, gall stones Incidence and frequency: recurrence or relapse: migraine, allergy and hay fever 1/7/

References Handbook of nonprescription drugs: APhA. 16 th and 17 th editions Minor illness or major disease: clinical pharmacist in the community. PhP. 4 th edition Community pharmacy: symptoms, diagnosis and treatment. Paul Rutter 1/7/

Evaluation Midterm Exam: 40 marks Quiz/ Assignment: 10 marks Final: 50 marks 1/7/