Sponge: Set up Cornell Notes on pg Sponge: Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 11 The topic or heading will always be at the top of the Powerpoint. Include the # Ex: 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules Essential Question: Define atom, and identify its main parts and their functions Don’t forget to add it to your T.O.Contents! 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules Define atom, and identify its main parts and their functions Key Concept: All living things are based on atoms and their interactions

KEY CONCEPT All living things are based on atoms and their interactions.

An atom is the smallest basic unit of matter. Please draw and label an atom on pg. 10 (don’t take up the whole page!) energy level

Fun Fact It would take you over 1,000,000,000,000 (1 Trillion) years to count the number of atoms in a single grain of sand

Although there is a huge variety of matter on Earth, all atoms share the same basic structure… Protons- in the nucleus. Positively charged (+) Neutrons-in the nucleus. Neutrally charged (no charge) Electrons-much smaller particles on the outside of the nucleus on the energy level. Negatively charged (-)

Energy levels: electrons are located here Energy levels: electrons are located here. Inner levels only have 2 electrons, other levels hold up to 8. Oxygen atom (O) Nucleus: 8 protons (+) 8 neutrons outermost energy level: 6 electrons (-) inner energy level: 2 electrons (-) Energy Levels

What can you notice about these elements’ proton numbers and electron numbers? Iron 50 P 50 E 69 N Tin 79 P 79 E 118 N Gold Proton # = Electron # !!!! Aluminum 13 P 13 E 14 N

Gold electrically neutral!!!! +5 + (-5) = ??? +5 + (-5) = 0 *Atoms have equal numbers of positively charged protons and negatively charged electrons so they are... electrically neutral!!!! +5 + (-5) = ??? +5 + (-5) = 0 79 P 79 E 118 N Gold

An element is one or more atoms of the same type. It cannot be broken down into a simpler substances Ex: Oxygen, Hydrogen, Iron… gold aluminum

Ex: Gold has 79 protons no matter what Atoms of different elements differ in the number of protons they have. The proton # never varies. 26 P 26 E 30 N Iron 50 P 50 E 69 N Tin 79 P 79 E 118 N Gold Ex: Gold has 79 protons no matter what Aluminum 13 P 13 E 14 N

A molecule is two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds. Hydrogen

A compound is made of 2 or more different elements bonded together in a certain ratio. Ex: H20 water (H2O) -carbon dioxide (CO2) Carbon dioxide (CO2) O H _ + O C O

O O All compounds are molecules NOT all molecules are compounds Ex: O2 * Remember compounds are composed of 2 different elements

Atoms Positive charge Proton # identifies element Nucleus: most mass of atom No electrical charge Neutron About same size as proton Atom: smallest basic unit of matter Is surrounded by Negative charge Electrons # equals # of protons Cloud: most volume of atom Forms chemical bonds Inner level only 2 Protons Energy Levels Other levels up to 8 Protons Tries to fill outer level

HOMEWORK On pg. 10 please create a double bubble map comparing and contrasting compounds and molecules. Compounds molecules

Both involve bonding atoms Double-bubble map comparing and contrasting compounds and molecules Atoms held together by covalent bonds Both involve bonding atoms Involve two or more different elements Compounds molecules molecules Atoms in both Not all molecules are compounds

Sponge: Set up Cornell Notes on pg Sponge: Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 13 The topic or heading will always be at the top of the Powerpoint. Include the # Ex: 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules Essential Question: How do ions form? Compare Ionic and Covalent bonding. Don’t forget to add it to your T.O.Contents! 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules How do Ions form? Compare Ionic and covalent bonding.

Q: Because all atoms are made of the same types of particles (protons, neutrons, and electrons), what difference among atoms makes one element different from other elements? Aluminum Iron Tin A: Atoms of different elements differ in the number of protons they have.

Understanding how an ion forms ionic bonds and covalent bonds is important because ions play large roles in organisms. They are important in all biological processes. A few examples are: They play a role in muscle contraction and cell shape Chloride (Cl-) is a chemical the human body needs for metabolism (the process of turning food into energy) Calcium ions (Ca2+) are necessary for every muscle movement in your body

An ion is an atom that has gained or lost one or more electrons (-) + 11 P (+) 10 E (-) 17 P (+) 18 E (-) 11 p 17 p

- Positive Ions: If an atom has few electrons in its outer energy levels it tends to lose those electrons and become a POSITIVELY charged ion Negative Ions: If an atom has a nearly full outer energy level it tends to gain electrons and become a NEGATIVELY charged ion Energy level

*An ion forms because an atom is more stable when its outermost energy level is full.

*An ion forms because an atom is more stable when its outermost energy level is full.

Ionic bonds form between oppositely charged ions. Dissolve in H2O. “Opposites Attract!!!!” Now we have salt!!!!

H2O covalent bonds Share electrons in outer energy level Can have multiple bonds Strong bonds covalent covalent H2O Aka Water! Hydrogen

CLASSWORK On pg. 13 create a double bubble map comparing and contrasting ionic bonds and covalent bonds. Ionic Bonds Covalent Bonds

Double bubble map comparing and contrasting ionic bonds and covalent bonds Bonds ions Form between oppositely charged ions Share electrons bonding Covalent Bonds Ionic Bonds Bond atoms Dissolve in H2O Strong Bond

Under the picture of the positive and negative ion- Please title it Turn to pg. 12 of your I.N.B Under the picture of the positive and negative ion- Please title it “Science Matters” “Science Matters”

“Science Matters” Draw the atoms that are described below. Remember what you have learned about where each one of the particles are located in an atom. Use red for protons, black for neutrons, and blue for electrons. 1. Nitrogen: Protons: 7 Neutrons: 7 Electrons: 7

“Science Matters” Draw the atoms that are described below. Remember what you have learned about where each one of the particles are located in an atom. Use red for protons, black for neutrons, and blue for electrons. 1. Nitrogen: Protons: 7 Neutrons: 7 Electrons: 7

Complete “Science Matters” worksheet 3 Atom pictures Classwork Complete “Science Matters” worksheet 3 Atom pictures 10 multiple choice questions Write the ? and the answer When you are done you are to work on your summaries for 2.1 (you need 2) and complete any unfinished double-bubble maps Questions (4-6) Table of Contents complete