ELAINE N. MARIEB EIGHTH EDITION 1 Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings PowerPoint ® Lecture Slide Presentation by Jerry L. Cook, Sam Houston University ESSENTIALS OF HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY PART A The Human Body: An Orientation

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Human Body – An Orientation  Anatomy – study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts  Physiology – study of how the body and its parts work or function

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings 3 Levels of Organization p8  Chemical (Subatomic Particles, Atoms, Molecules, Compounds)  Cellular (The smallest entity that is considered alive)  Tissues (A group of cells with a common structure and function)  Organs (Two or more tissues with a common structure and function)  Organ Systems (Two or more organs with common functions.  Organism

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Organ System Overview  Reproductive  Production of offspring Figure 1.2k

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 1.2a Organ System Overview  Integumentary  Forms the external body covering  Protects deeper tissue from injury  Synthesizes vitamin D  Location of cutaneous nerve receptors

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 1.2b Organ System Overview  Skeletal  Protects and supports body organs  Provides muscle attachment for movement  Site of blood cell formation  Stores mineral

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 1.2c Organ System Overview  Muscular  Allows locomotion  Maintains posture  Produces heat

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 1.2d Organ System Overview  Nervous  Fast-acting control system  Responds to internal and external change  Activates muscles and glands

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 1.2e Organ System Overview  Endocrine  Secretes regulatory hormones  Growth  Reproduction  Metabolism

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 1.2f Organ System Overview  Cardiovascular  Transports materials in body via blood pumped by heart  Oxygen  Carbon dioxide  Nutrients  Wastes

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Organ System Overview  Lymphatic  Returns fluids to blood vessels  Disposes of debris  Involved in immunity Figure 1.2g

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Organ System Overview  Digestive  Breaks down food  Allows for nutrient absorption into blood  Eliminates indigestible material Figure 1.2i

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Organ System Overview  Urinary  Eliminates nitrogenous wastes  Maintains acid – base balance  Regulates water and electrolytes Figure 1.2j

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Organ System Overview  Respiratory  Keeps blood supplied with oxygen  Removes carbon dioxide Figure 1.2h

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Homeostasis p5  Maintenance of a stable internal environment = a dynamic state of equilibrium  Homeostasis must be maintained for normal body functioning and to sustain life  Homeostatic imbalance – a disturbance in homeostasis resulting in disease  Often maintained by negative feedback loops.

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Language of Anatomy  Special terminology is used to prevent misunderstanding  Exact terms are used for:  Position  Direction  Regions  Structures  Reference = Anatomical Position

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Directional Terms p13

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Directional Terms p13 Table 1.1

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Directional Terms p13 Table 1.1 (cont)

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Body Planes p14

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Body Planes p14 Figure 1.6

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Abdominopelvic Quadrants p15 Figure 1.8a

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Abdominopelvic Regions p15 Figure 1.8b

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Body Cavities p9 Figure 1.7

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Body Regions p16  Anterior Figure 1.5a

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Body Regions p16  Posterior Figure 1.5b