Aphanes microcarpa (belly plant) In the rose family –Rosaceae Palmately lobed leaves Leaves alternate

Cardamine hirsuta Brassicaceae Rosette forming annual Pinnately compound leaves Sausage-like fruit Little white flowers (4 petals)

Capsella bursa-pastoris Brassicaceae: heart-shaped fruit on stalk Pinnately lobed leaves

Cerastium glomeratum Mouse ear shaped leaves (hairy) Hairy stems and leaves compared to Stellaria media Distance between internodes is usually shorter than Stellaria media

Dichondra carolinensis Creeping perennial Has rounded/kidney shaped leaves (one common name “pony’s foot” for leaf shape) Native (one of few in this lab!)

Facelis retusa Bicolor leaves –green top and whitish bottom Leaf has spine at tip Introduced weed

Galium spp. Square stems Whorled leaves, elongate blades Covered with small hairs, so it sticks on fuzzy surfaces. White flower (4 petals)

Geranium carolinianum Native geranium Palmately dissected leaf Small, purplish flower Fruits look like a crane’s bill or stork’s bill

Houstonia sp. Very small flowering plant 4-petaled blue flowers

Lamium amplexicaule 2 lipped purple flowers Bracts beneath flowers clasp stem (like amplexus in amphibians) Mint family: square stems, opposite leaves

Lamium purpureum See L. amplexicaule for other traits Brownish/purplish leaves among flowers Purple flowers 2-lipped flowers tucked into top leaves

Rumex sp. Large V-shaped leaf Curly leaf margin Strong looped venation present underneath leaf

Sherardia arvensis Square stems Whorled leaves, broader than Galium Lavender flower (4 petals)

Soliva sessilis Carrot-like leaf (deeply pinnately divided) Leaves in rosette when plant young Makes inflorescence with spiny tips when mature (fruit a bur) Sunflower family

Stellaria media Opposite leaves Less hairy compared to Cerastium glomeratum

Taraxacum sp. Rosette forming perennial Mitotic seed production (agamospermy) Leaf pinnately divided: divisions shaped like an arrowhead Yellow inflorescence (sunflower family) Bleeds milky juice when damaged

Trifolium incarnatum 3 leaflets Roadside flower (red pea-like flowers in terminal cluster) Relatively large leaves Has nitrogen fixing bacteria -Rhizobium

Trifolium dubium Yellow flower Compare to T. incarnatum

Trifolium repens Has white flower Compare to T. incarnatum

Veronica arvensis Heart-shaped fruit (almost no stalk) Fruit in axil of the leaf Blue flower (4 petals)

Veronica hederifolia Palmate leaf Globose fruit hangs off the plant Long hair compared to V.arvensis

Vicia spp. Alternate, pinnately compound leaves Legume Tendrils at the tip of the leaf Extrafloral nectaries on stipules (the brown spots)

Viola spp. Large stipules Purplish pansy-like flower