II.New Imperialism: China and southeast Asia Ch. 6.1, 7.1, and 7.2.

Cambodia Thailand Vietnam Indonesia

CHINA Dec 2011 – Jan 2012

The Terracotta Soldiers from the Qin Dynasty, the 1 st Emperor of China (210 BC) Xi’an, China Dec 2011 – Jan 2012

At the end of the 1800’s, colonies were generally seen as a sign of a country’s relative power.

A.American Imperialism (Philippines) , Commodore George Dewey beat Spanish at Manila Bay (Spanish-American War). The Great Naval Battle of Manila Bay - Dewey's Victory. Copyright 1898.

Dewey led a modern United States fleet

SENATOR BEVERIDGE (R-Ind.): In support of an American Empire, MR. PRESIDENT, the times call for candor. The Philippines are ours forever, "territory belonging to the United States," as the Constitution calls them. And just beyond the Philippines are China's unlimited markets. We will not retreat from either. We will not repudiate our duty in the archipelago. We will not abandon our opportunity in the Orient. We will not renounce our part in the mission of our race, trustee, under God, of the civilization of the world.

B.The French (mid-19 th century). 1.Vietnam was a French protectorate - nation that depends on another gov’t for protection.

C.The British , colony at Singapore, for trade w/ China , Hong Kong (back to China in 1997). a)“One country, two systems.” 3.Burma.

Hong Kong, China Island country of Singapore

On May 11, 1949 Siam became Thailand, the "Land of the Free", ruled by a constitutional monarchy. Unlike all of its Southeast Asian neighbors, Thailand was never colonized by a Western power. D.Thailand (formerly Siam). 1. Only SE Asian country not colonized. 2. Buffer between French & British. King Mongkut

E.Colonial economies. 1.Sphere of influence – areas Imperial powers had exclusive trading rights. 2.Colonial powers did not want the colonies to develop their own industries. 3.Stressed export of raw materials.

A shocked mandarin in Manchu robe in the back, with Queen Victoria (UK), Wilhelm II (Germany), Nicholas II (Russia), Marianne (France), and a samurai (Japan) stabbing into a plate with Chine (“China" in French) written on it.

F.China 1.Decline of the Qing Dynasty ( ). a)Due to foreign influence, Western pressures, & peasant unrest. b)Opium Wars – British importing opium into China. Ancestor painting, Qing Dynasty

c)Tai Ping Rebellion ( ) i. Social & economic reforms. ii. Land to peasants; women as equals. d)Open Door Policy – Ensure equal access to Chinese markets. Over 20 million people died during 14-year struggle. Ended when Europeans aided the Qing dynasty. The Tai Ping Rebellion severely weakened the Qing dynasty, losing control of many parts of China to local warlords, who would later rule the country.

Sphere of Influence – Areas where the imperial powers had exclusive trading rights. after the Tai Ping Rebellion, warlords in the provinces began to negotiate directly with foreign nations.

e)Boxer Rebellion (1900) – Chinese angered over foreign control; anti- foreigners. f)Sun Yat-sen – Leader of Nationalist Party. Helped end Qing dynasty in 1912 (angry over foreign control). “destroy the foreigners.” Anti-foreign pamphlet, Boxer soldiers

Yuan Buddha Head China, Circa 14th century, Yuan period, Terra cotta Hong Kong, China

Taoism - A Chinese mystical philosophy founded in the sixth century B.C. that teaches conformity to the Tao by unassertive action and simplicity; concerned with obtaining long life and good fortune often by magical means. Religion in SE Asia Buddhism - The teaching that life is permeated with suffering caused by desire, that suffering ceases when desire ceases, and that enlightenment obtained through right conduct, wisdom, and meditation releases one from desire, suffering, and rebirth. Introduced in India and popular in SE Asia (China). Confucianism - The political morality taught by Confucius and his disciples, which forms the basis of the Chinese jurisprudence and education. It can hardly be called a religion, as it does not worship any god. In Confucianism, it is believed that there was a natural order in the universe and in human relationships.

Mao watching over Tiananmen Square in Beijing, China. The crackdown at Tiananmen Square June 3-4, The unknown protester halted a column of advancing tanks until he was pulled into the crowd. It is unknown whether the man was arrested.

1950’s