 The Study of Life Bio logy (Greek) LifeStudy of But what is life???

 What are some examples of living things?  Humans  Plants  Insects  Mold  Bacteria  What about these things? Rocks, bicycles, books

Biologists have created a list of characteristics by which we can recognize living things

All living things….. 1.Are made of one or more Cells 2.Reproduce 3.Obtain and Use Energy 4.Respond to their Environment 5.Grow and Develop 6.Adapt Through Evolution

Cells are basic structural units of life. Smallest unit capable of all life functions. Cells are the building blocks of all organisms = living things.

Two types of Organisms: Unicellular Organisms Entire organism is made up of one single cell Entire organism is made up of one single cell Bacteria and protists Bacteria and protists /

UniCellular

Multicellular Organisms The organism is made up of many cells The organism is made up of many cells Cells have specialized functions within the organism Cells have specialized functions within the organism Epithelial cells (like inside your cheek)

MultiCellular

Reproduction is the process of producing new organisms of the same type. Asexual Reproduction One parent organism reproducing by itself One parent organism reproducing by itself Sexual Reproduction Two different parent organisms contribute genetic information Two different parent organisms contribute genetic information Involves the combination of male and female sex cells Involves the combination of male and female sex cells

Asexual

Sexual: a new genetic combination

Living organisms need energy to grow, develop, repair damage, and reproduce

Anabolism The process of building up complex substances from simpler substances Building up cells and cellular components Photosynthesis

Catabolism The process of breaking down complex substances into simpler substances to release energy Digestion Cellular Respiration Cellular Respiration

3. All Living Things Obtain and Use Energy Metabolism: the sum total of all the chemical reactions in your body Anabolism + Catabolism = Metabolism!!!

Organisms react to stimuli: Light Light Temperature Temperature Odor Odor Sound Sound Gravity Gravity Heat Heat Water Water Pressure Pressure An example is a plant’s leaves and stems growing toward light

A stable state of conditions in the body that are necessary for life Body temperature Body temperature Blood volume Blood volume pH balance pH balance Water balance Water balance

Stable Interior

Even though exterior conditions are changing

Growth means to get bigger in size

Development involves a change in the physical form or make-up of an organism Example: Frog metamorphosis A frog begins as a single cell in a fertilized egg, then grows into a tadpole, and eventually into a fully grown frog.

Development

Adaptation A process that enables organisms to become better suited to their environment A process that enables organisms to become better suited to their environment Species obtain adaptations through evolution over great periods of time Species obtain adaptations through evolution over great periods of time

An Example of Adaptation Desert plants have succulent waxy leaves and stems to store water and reduce water loss

(sorting) (movie)