Which factors determine the way we look? Introduction to Genetics (DNA Basics)

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Presentation transcript:

Which factors determine the way we look? Introduction to Genetics (DNA Basics)

Standard(s):  BI5. a. Students know the general structures and functions of DNA, RNA, and protein.  BI1. d. Students know the central dogma of molecular biology outlines the flow of information from transcription of ribonucleic acid (RNA) in the nucleus to translation of proteins on ribosomes in the cytoplasm.

Standard Explanations  BI5.a. DNA-double helix-contain genetic info, RNA-single-stranded, copy of a section of DNA, protein-make up many parts of the body  BI1.d. -DNA->mRNA->tRNA->proteins

Objectives SWBAT… Explain the origin of new cells. Describe the structure and function of DNA. Explain the genetic factors that influence the way we look. Recognize that DNA contains the genetic information that determines the way we look

Review-The Cell Cycle-DNA is copied and the cell divides

Review-DNA contains the information to make more cells (in the nucleus).

(Review)What is the central dogma?  The central dogma describes the flow of information from DNA to RNA to proteins.

DNA Basics  Double helix=twisted ladder  Chromosomes=chains of DNA and proteins.  Contains your genetic info (instructions to make proteins)  Sequences of DNA=Genes  Genes=codes for proteins=instructions for traits

Structure of DNA  4 Nitrogenous Bases  Adenine-Thymine (A-T) (steps)  Cytosine-Guanine (C-G) (steps)  Sugar-phosphate backbone (rungs)  Nucleiotides-(smallest unit of DNA) made of nitrogenous bases (steps), sugar- phosphate (rungs of ladder)

DNA  If DNA contains the info to make cells, and we are made of cells…then DNA determines our cellular and molecular make-up, which determines what we look like.

Why do we look like our parents, but not exactly like our parents?

Where does our DNA come from?  ½ your DNA from your momma  ½ your DNA from big poppa

Perfection!!!

Summary Questions  What are the major events of the cell cycle?  What type of information is contained in your genes?  Describe the flow of information from DNA to your traits.  Where do you get your DNA from?  How does the information in your genes determine they way we look?