Designing for Effectiveness

Question… Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of dividing work? What are the implications for managers of dividing work.

Small group activity… You have been asked to start an employee wellness program for Ball State University. How would you design the organizational structure? – Who are the key stakeholders? – Based on: Level of professionalism Level of uncertainty in work Degree of standardization of work Degree of interaction between managers and others participants Degree of task integration required What would you consider the appropriate span of control? Tall Complex, Flat, or somewhere in between? – Thinking about the “team” concept, what type of a team do you see emerging for this program? Do you see different types of teams/clusters being utilized? – How would you design the organizational structure? – What informal groups do you see emerging?

Mechanisms of Coordination Mintzberg (1983) Mutual adjustment Direct supervision Standardization of work processes Standardization of work outputs Standardization of work skills

Card Stack Team Building A card (or stack) may be moved any distance horizontally or vertically, but never diagonally It must always end its move on top of another card (or stack) that is the same rank or suit. It can never take an empty space Once a card is placed on top of another card, the resulting stack if moved as one unit driven by its top card.

Questions… How close were you to the goal of one stack? What affected the final results? How did you deal with everyone’s ideas about the way to proceed? How does this activity relate to teamwork? Did anyone emerge as the leader? How did he or she function? How did you handle disagreements? What implications could this have in a job situation?

Leading to Accomplish Desired Results Influencing and Facilitating

Motivation Needs in humans trigger and energize behaviors intended to satisfy the needs. Self- actualization Ego Social activity Safety and security Physiological Challenging work Title Friends at work Health Plan Salary Health Care Health Promotion Physical Activity Exercise Food Good Nutrition Relationships Volunteerism Health Wellness

Questions… Do you think lower level needs must be fulfilled before moving to the next level? Do you think needs are learned or innate? How do people’s preferences for outcomes impact motivation? How does equity impact motivation? How does environment impact motivation?

Motivation

DISC Theory CHUBCB A V S E K X PC MC CH – Cultural Heritage CB – Conscious Behavior UB – Unconscious Behavior A – Attitude V – Values S Skills K – Knowledge E – Experience X – Expectations MC – Mental Condition PC – Physical Condition

Why might we use DISC? To learn more about ourselves To understand other people better To initiate discussion To give and receive feedback

D-Style Aggressive, competitive, demanding Is direct and challenges you Self-starter, independent Black or white no gray areas Wants to be in control Results-oriented Under pressure-lack of concern Fear-loss of control

I-Style Talkative, social, impulsive, communicative Very excited, agrees with you, small “personal space” Promises more than can deliver Always selling, avoids details Forgets rules, makes small mistakes Good with people Under pressure-disorganized Fear-social rejection

S-Style Calm, steady, systematic Careful, patient, resists sudden change Family-oriented Good listener, polite Modest, stays in background Trustworthy Team-oriented, reliable Under pressure-too willing Fear-loss of stability

C-Style Exact, perfectionist, logical, analytical Afraid of being wrong, obeys the law and rules Looks for order Silent, matter of fact, doesn’t inspire Detail-oriented Diplomatically polite Avoids risk Under pressure-overly critical Fear-criticism of work

Choose 2…

Plot your point D Goals Results D/I Influence Activity I People Atmosphere I/S Helping Friendliness S Own Team Security S/C Routine Carefulness C Rules Exactness D/C Issues Logic

StrengthWeakness DDecisiveImpatient IOutgoingTalks too Much SStableSlow to Change CQuality DrivenNit Picky

Moving Activity… You just learned that the building you are working in has been sold. Your 25-person team has to find a new home! Tasks to complete… Find a new location Coordinate with a builder the plans to “build out” the new facility Assign offices to employees Coordinate the actual shifting of the offices What “styles” of employees are best suited to each of the tasks.

Leader Traits Drive Leadership motivation Honesty and integrity Self-confidence Cognitive ability Knowledge Charisma Creativity Flexibility Emotional Intelligence – Self-awareness – Self-regulation – Motivation – Empathy – Social skill

Leader Behaviors Styles – Autocratic – Consultative – Participative – Democratic – Laissez-faire Situations – Directive – Supportive – Participative – Achievement-oriented

Who do your consider to be a good leader? Why?