Unit 1 Philosophical & Historical Origins of the Constitution & Government

What are some democratic ideals/ American Rights? Equality Equality Elections & Voting Elections & Voting No cruel & unusual punishment No cruel & unusual punishment Court system & laws Court system & laws Free Speech, Religion, & Press Free Speech, Religion, & Press Life, Liberty, & Pursuit of happiness Life, Liberty, & Pursuit of happiness Trial by Jury Trial by Jury Limited government Limited government Private Property Private Property Rights to bear arms Rights to bear arms Separations of Powers Separations of Powers

Documents that have helped limit government Magna Carta helped begin the formation of the idea of equality The English Bill of Rights helped form the ideas of: jury trials, elections, a government legislature & no cruel & unusual punishment

Documents that have helped limit government Common Law has helped setup standards for laws & punishments, because of its basis of precedent Mayflower Compact helped form the idea of a direct democracy & majority rules

Founding documents that have helped US form the Constitution Articles of Confederation assisted in setting-up a governmental legislature with powers & limitations The Declaration of Independence helped define what a government should protect & serve, that a government is based on the people’s consent, that the people have the right to overthrow the government, & list the abuses of governments.

Founding documents that have helped US form the Constitution Thomas Paine’s Pamphlet “Common Sense”, which explained the reasoning behind the American Revolution and help form ideas of a future government Thomas Paine’s Pamphlet “Common Sense”, which explained the reasoning behind the American Revolution and help form ideas of a future government

Events that have helped form Government, Constitution and American Revolution Great Awakening helped spark democratic ideas of free press and religion.

How the American Revolution helped form the Constitution The Continental Congress meets to demand rights and later signs for independence The Continental Congress meets to demand rights and later signs for independence –“no taxation without representation”

How the American Revolution helped form the Constitution? Taxes/ Acts Taxes/ Acts –Stamp Act –Declaratory Act –Townsend Act –Tea Act Which brought about the Boston Tea Party –Intolerable Acts

Philosophers & their Ideas that shaped US democratic ideas John Locke set-up the idea of natural rights, & the people give the government the power to protect those rights. Jean-Jacques Rousseau created idea of social contracts & the legalization of Revolutions.

Philosophers & their Ideas that shaped US democratic ideas Baron de Montesquieu formed the belief of separation of powers Francois-Marie Arouet Voltaire presented the notion of free speech & press

Philosophers & their Ideas that shaped US democratic ideas Thomas Jefferson designed the concept of Unalienable rights, justification for the replacement government, Separation of powers, & checks & balance system

Plans/ Compromises that lead to the creation of the Constitution Virginia Plan A. 3 branches B. 2 house congress. C. Representatives in congress is based on state’s population New Jersey Plan A. 3 branches of government B. 1 house congress C. equal representation & equal votes.

Plans/ Compromises that lead to the creation of the Constitution Connecticut Compromise/ Great Compromise A. 3 branch government B. 2 house Congress C. Senate equal representation for each state & the House of Representatives is based on population

Plans/ Compromises that lead to the creation of the Constitution Three-Fifths Compromise states slaves count as three-fifths of a person Slave Trade Compromise stated that Congress cannot tax exports, nor interfere with the slave trade Commerce Compromise States Congress regulate trade between states & other countries

Plans/ Compromises that lead to the creation of the Constitution Election Compromise will form the Electoral College & the electors will be chosen by the voters.

Constitution Set-Up Preamble Preamble –States the goals of the people Article I Article I –Describes the set-up, powers, & limitations of the legislative branch Article II Article II –Describes the set-up, powers, & limitations of the executive branch Article III Article III –Describes the set-up, powers, & limitations of the judicial branch

Constitution Set-Up Articles IV Articles IV –All states must respect each others laws, court decisions, & records. –Creates new states, & protects & defends current states Articles V Articles V –Specifies how amendments are created Article VI Article VI –Constitution “Supreme Law of Land” Article VII Article VII –States Constitution will go into effect after 9 states ratify it.

Basic Principles of the Constitution Consent of the Governed Rule of Law Popular Sovereignty will backs up the Republic

Basic Principles of the Constitution Separations of Power will form 3 branches of Government (legislative, executive, & judicial) to protect the people & their rights Checks & Balances will limit the abuse of powers by Vetos, Block appointments & treaties, control spending, Impeachments, Override, & nullify laws

Basic Principles of the Constitution Federalism will be assisted through 3 types of powers: 1. Enumerated Powers which Controls immigration, maintains army, & establishes postal system 2. Reserved Powers that Regulate trade, schools, marriage, & divorce. 3. Concurrent Powers that Handles Taxes, borrows money, set-up courts & prisons

Basic Principles of the Constitution Judicial Review Limited Government Due Process will guarantee our natural rights & make sure laws are reasonable