LAB SAFETY AND EQUIPMENT Student Notes

WHAT TO WEAR IN THE LAB

SAFETY GOGGLES Vital to the safety of your vision. Wear them when heating, working with chemicals, or at any time you are instructed to do so by your teacher.

LAB APRON Protects your clothes and skin from chemicals, spills or splashes Rubber-coated Acid-resistant Alcohol-resistant

PROTECTIVE GLOVES Protect your hands with the proper gloves: > Insulated Gloves –use to handle hot and cold items > Latex Gloves – wear during dissections or to handle non-toxic chemicals > Chemical-Resistant Gloves use when working with caustic (to chemically burn skin) chemicals

Close-Toe Shoes Wear shoes that cover your entire foot (no sandals)

TIE BACK HAIR AND ROLL UP SLEEVES

Safety Equipment for Emergencies

EYE WASH STATION Provided in all science labs to flush eyes with water for 15 minutes to remove foreign materials and to dilute any harmful chemicals.

FIRE BLANKET Use to smother fires: -Wrap around a person -Smother a table or a trash can on fire

FIRE EXTINGUISHER Used to put out small chemical or paper fires. In case of major fires, evacuate the building using fire drill procedures. Remember P.A.S.S. (Pull, Aim, Squeeze, Sweep) VIDEO - How to Use a Fire Extinguisher

MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET Symbols that show warnings about chemicals

SAFETY PROCEDURES

What to do First Sit quietly and wait for the teacher to give instructions. Read the investigation and any written directions thoroughly before you begin. Then get needed materials. Follow directions at ALL times!

No eating, drinking or chewing gum in the lab!

What to do if there in an accident Report ALL accidents to the teacher even if they are minor (spills, drops, etc.). Clean up spills immediately! Don’t use broken equipment (especially glass containers). Report it to the teacher immediately. Clean up your station when you are finished.

POUR ACID INTO WATER, ONLY!!!! POUR ONTO STIRRING ROD TO KEEP FROM SPLASHING OUT NOT!!! MIXING LIQUIDS WITH ACIDS

Unplug from the outlet, don’t pull the cord!

TILT TEST TUBE AWAY FROM YOU AND OTHERS (waft)

Review Questions What equipment do I wear to be safe in the lab? Do I know where and how to use the lab safety equipment in an emergency? Do I know the safety rules and procedures to follow in the lab?

Rodeo Palms Junior High School Science Laboratory Safety Contract – I will act responsibly at all times in the science laboratory and classroom. I will follow all instructions about lab procedures given by the teacher. I will keep my work area clean and clutter-free. I will wear safety goggles and protective clothing at all times when necessary. I know what to do in case of a fire. I will immediately notify the teacher of any emergency. I will tie back long hair, remove dangling jewelry, and secure loose clothing. I will not mix substances or take chemicals or equipment out of the lab without direct permission from the teacher. I will never eat or drink in the laboratory unless instructed to do so by the teacher. I will only handle living organisms or preserved specimens when authorized by the teacher. I will not enter the storage area unless directed by the teacher. Student and parent sign and date in the appropriate spaces below and return contract to the teacher. I, _______________________________ have read each of the statements above and understand these safety rules. I agree to abide by the safety regulations and any additional written or verbal instructions provided by the school district or my teacher. Student Signature ___________________________Date________________ Parent Signature ___________________________Date________________

EQUIPMENT USED IN THE LAB

Dissecting Tools Pan, Scalpel, Forceps, Scissors, Dissecting Pin, Probe

ERLENMEYER FLASK

FLORENCE FLASK (round bottom)

Beaker

FUNNEL

TEST TUBE TEST TUBE HOLDER TEST TUBE RACK

HOT PLATE

MICROSCOPE

HAND LENS

PETRI DISH

EQUIPMENT USED FOR MEASURING

TIMERS Measures Time & Speed in Seconds (s)

Measures Length or distance = meters (m) or centimeters (cm) METRIC RULER (Meter Stick)

Measures Mass grams (g) TRIPLE BEAM BALANCE

Weight = grams (g) Force = Newtons (N) (mass with gravity) SPRING SCALE

Measures Volume = liters (L) or milliliters (mL) GRADUATED CYLINDERS

WATER DISPLACEMENT METHOD To find the volume of an irregular-shaped object (rock), submerge it. The object’s volume = final volume – initial volume

Measures Temperature Celsius ( o C) THERMOMETER

Scientific Method A list of steps that are followed, IN ORDER, when preforming a scientific experiment.

1. Start with a PROBLEM/QUESTION to be solved. > Study & collect info about your problem. 2. Make a HYPOTHESIS > written as an if…then statement > must be able to test it

3. TEST YOUR HYPOTHESIS: > Design and DO an experiment/investigation FACTORS IN AN EXPERIMENT: Independent Variable – the factor that can be changed or cause a change Dependent Variable – RESPONDS to the change. Is a measurement (ex: amount of rainfall) Control Group – the things/factors that stay the same in an experiment > The basis for comparison: the Independent Variable Group is compared to the Control Group.

4. Collect & Analyze Data > Direct Observation: only use your 5 senses > Indirect Observation: uses your senses PLUS scientific tools (Ex. - ruler, microscope…) SCIENTIFIC PROCESS (Scientific Method)

4. (continued) MAKE OR USE A MODEL > Use a small scale representation of a larger item to get proof of concept. 5. FORM A CONCLUSION: > Decide if the results support your hypothesis. SCIENTIFIC PROCESS (Scientific Method)

Example Hypothesis: (using an if…then statement) If corn is given more fertilizer, then the yield will be higher. SCIENTIFIC PROCESS (Scientific Method) Which picture is the corn with more fertilizer?

NOT a hypothesis: Corn tastes better than peas. Why not? SCIENTIFIC PROCESS (Scientific Method)

(Independent) Variable: Group in which fertilizer is added to corn plant Control Group: Corn plant that doesn’t receive fertilizer SCIENTIFIC PROCESS (Scientific Method)

BIAS & EVALUATING INFO misrepresentation of info based on point of view or purpose