November 17, 2015 Application of ASTM’s Greener Cleanup Guide to a Superfund Site in Oregon Results and Take-Home Lessons Beth Sheldrake, Manager, Superfund Program, EPA Region 10. Michael E. Miller, Principal Environmental Chemist, CDM Smith.

Striving for Greener Cleanups  Policies (August 2009)  OSWER Principles for Greener Cleanup  National Superfund Green Remediation Strategy  Region 10 Clean and Green Policy  Tools  Best Management Practice (BMP) Fact Sheets (2008 – 2013)  ASTM’s Standard Guide for Greener Cleanups (November 2013) 2

EPA Leading by Example  Options for EPA-lead Sites:  Include reference to Regional “Clean and Green” policy in bid documents  EPA applies ASTM guide and identifies BMPs in bid documents  EPA asks bidders to identify BMPs  EPA asks bidders to apply ASTM guide BMPs after winning bid, before construction 3

Application of ASTM Standard Guide  Applicability to the Site – Opportunity Assessment  Rate of Return – BMP Prioritization  High Priority – High footprint reduction and high implementability  Medium Priority – High footprint reduction and low implementability or low footprint and high implementability  Low Priority – Low footprint reduction and low implementability 4

North Ridge Estates Site: BMP Evaluation

North Ridge Estates Site  South-central Oregon, high desert  Residential subdivision, 3 mi north of Klamath Falls 6

Topography 7

Site History  1940s military barracks  Improper building demolition during residential development  Asbestos containing materials (ACM)  waste piles, burial pits, surface/sub-surface dispersal  1993: began building houses  : properties sold to homeowners  : emergency removals ACM  Re-exposure by frost heaving & erosion  Not a permanent solution  ~ 300,000 cubic yards asbestos contaminated soil remain 8

Remedial Action Objectives  Mitigate direct contact and inhalation of asbestos fibers.  Control migration and spread of asbestos. Selected Remedy  Excavation & consolidation of ACM in on-site repositories  Building interior cleaning  Post-excavation capping 9

Best Management Practice (BMP) Selection  Purpose: minimize impacts  BMPs – complete list in ASTM Standard  30 BMPs applicable to asbestos dig & haul  Equipment and fuel  Materials use  16 final BMPs for possible incorporation into remedial design 10

Greatest Impacts from Remedy Implementation  Fuel consumption  Earth moving  Transportation  Material use  Backfill  Revegetation  Equipment  Residential houses  Recovered materials  Site preparation 11

BMPs: Diesel Emission Control Technology  EPA Off-Highway Emission Standards 12

BMPs: Diesel Non-road Construction Equipment  Engines must meet at least EPA Tier 2 non-road emission standards  Year 1: ≥ 25% of the equipment  Meet Tier 4, or  Retro-fit for 85% reduction in PM emissions  Years 2 and 3: ≥ 50% of the equip.  Meet Tier 4, or  Retro-fit for 85% reduction in PM emissions  End of project 13

Diesel On-road Vehicles At least 90% of diesel on-road vehicles :  Engines that meet EPA 2007 on-road emissions stds., or  Emission control technology to reduce PM emissions by at least 85% + Idling reduction plan for all diesel vehicles 14

BMPs: Materials BMPImplementationMetrics Use recycled contentCrush concrete barracks foundations for use as marker barrier Amount re-used vs. non re-used concrete Biodegradable, recycled seed matting StrawTrack and report Compost instead of chemical fertilizers Plant material, manure, or biosolids Tons of compost Use equipment and products that can be re-used or recycled Select equipment that can be re-used. Recycle waste. Track waste streams 15

BMPs: Site Preparation/Land Restoration BMPImplementationMetrics Revegetate quickly & with native species Plant at the end of each field season Track and report Native, drought resistant plant cover. Preserve biodiversity/ecosystem services. Native seed mixtures% planting with native seeds On-site or nearby sources of backfill Local borrow sourceTrack and report 16

More BMPs BMPImplementationMetrics Reuse existing buildingsUse an abandoned house for office & storage. Redevelopment includes cleaning & reselling abandoned houses. Built into design Reuse/recycle recovered materials Recycle scrap metal, fuel, lubricants & removed trees. Crushed concrete foundations for marker barrier. Track and report 17

BMP Evaluation: Conclusions  Recognize benefits of env. footprint reduction  Review entire BMP list  Identify most applicable & most effective  Thereby shrink the remedy’s footprint  One or two BMPs do not a green remediation make! 18