22. Ordeal of Reconstruction Pt 1:

What do you do with your rebel nation? Jefferson Davis spent two years in jail, no executions 1868 Johnson pardons everyone Southern transportation a mess, inflation! Agricultural systems a mess $2 billion in slaves…no longer I’m glad I fought agin her, I only wish we’d won. And I ain’t axed any pardon for anything I’ve done.

Freedom Still many abuses, lynchings Loyalty had some slaves resisting the liberating army Some slaves retaliate against owners Mass exodus of ex slaves moving around Boom in Black church membership Possibility of education: American Missionary Association

Freedom Freedman’s Bureau: primitive welfare agency Food, clothing, education, medical care Headed by Oliver Howard 200,000 ex slaves taught to read 40 acres of land (?)

Johnson Possibly president with poorest roots Picked by Lincoln to appeal to N Dem. Often distrusted by the North or the South for not being a member of their coalitions

Johnson This is not promulgating anything that I have not heretofore said to say that traitors must be made odious, that treason must be made odious, that traitors must be punished and impoverished. They must not only be punished but their social power must be destroyed. ~Johnson before he softened his Southern policy

Presidential Reconstruction Lincoln believed the state never really withdrew Lincoln just wanted 10% of population to take an oath of allegiance and accept emancipation Republicans in Congress wanted more: Wade Davis bill calls for 50%. Lincoln pocket vetoes this bill. Refused to seat Louisiana who gets their 10%

Radical Republicans Majority of Republicans just want Southern states back Minority wanted planters uprooted and ex slaves to have federal protections Encountered unexpected sympathy for Lincoln’s ideas from Johnson

Johnson’s Reconstruction Johnson accepted 10% state governments Wanted wealthy Confederates (worth more than $20k) to be disenfranchised Wanted state conventions to repeal secession, repudiate Confederate debt, and ratify the 13 th Amendment Republicans hated it

Black Codes Mississippi harshest, Georgia lenient Set up to insure labor force Many made ex slaves accept year long contracts Took away many rights Kept form buying or renting land, punishments often were working on chain gangs

Black Codes A sign to the North that the South did not change Often doomed ex slaves to sharecropping

Sharecropping A form of agricultural tenancy in which the tenant pays for use of the land with a predetermined share of his crop rather than with a cash rent